Category: 10049-08-8

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, Safety of Ruthenium(III) chloride

Electrocatalysis in nucleic acid molten salts

This paper describes redox chemistry in semisolid molten salts ionic liquids of DNA in which the counterions of the phosphates are redox-active metal complexes with bipyridine ligands labeled with MW 350 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) “tails”, e.g., M(bpy350)3DNA (where M = Co, Ni, and bpy350 = 4,4?-(CH3(OCH 350CH2)7OCO)2-2,2?-bipyridine) . Other redox-active metal complexes are added to the M(bpy350) 3DNA melt: (a) the PEG-tailed metal bipyridine complexes Fe(bpy 350)3(ClO4)2 and Ru(bpy 350)3(ClO4)2 and (b) the nontailed complexes Os(bpy)3Cl2 (bpy = 2,2?-bipyridine) and Os(bpy)2dppzCl2 (dppz = dipyridophenazine). In example a, electrogeneration of the powerful oxidizers [Fe(bpy350) 3]3+ and [Ru(bpy350)3]3+ gives microelectrode voltammetry indicative of electrocatalytic oxidation of DNA base sites. Since physical diffusion of the metal complexes is slow in the viscous semisolids (and that of DNA is nil), the rate of electron hopping between the base sites of the DNA becomes a significant contributor to the overall charge transport rate, as deduced from analysis of the voltammetry. DNA base site self-exchange rate constants of 1.1 ¡Á 106 and 1.8 x 106 s-1 are estimated from measurements using Fe(bpy 350)33+ and Ru(bpy350) 33+ oxidants, respectively. In example b, a complex known to be a DNA intercalator in aqueous solutions is found to not be an intercalator in the DNA molten salt environment, as deduced from measurements showing the physical diffusion coefficients of aqueous nonintercalator Os(bpy) 3Cl2 and aqueous intercalator Os(bpy) 2dppzCl2 to be indistinguishable in the M(bpy 350)3DNA melt.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Efficient solar water splitting, exemplified by RuO2-catalyzed AlGaAs/Si photoelectrolysis

Contemporary models are shown to significantly underestimate the attainable efficiency of solar energy conversion to water splitting, and experimentally a cell containing illuminated AlGaAs/Si RuO2/Ptblack is demonstrated to evolve H2 and O2 at record solar driven water electrolysis efficiency. Under illumination, bipolar configured Al0.15Ga0.85As (Eg = 1.6 eV) and Si (Eg = 1.1 eV) semiconductors generate open circuit and maximum power photopotentials of 1.30 and 1.57 V, well suited to the water electrolysis thermodynamic potential: H2O?H2+ 1/2 O2; EH(2)O = EO(2)-EH(2); EH(2)O(25 C) = 1.229 V. The EH(2)O/photopotential matched semiconductors are combined with effective water electrolysis O2 or H2 electrocatalysts, RuO2 or Ptblack. The resultant solar photoelectrolysis cell drives sustained water splitting at 18.3% conversion efficiencies. Alternate dual band gap systems are calculated to be capable of attaining over 30% solar photoelectrolysis conversion efficiency.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, category: ruthenium-catalysts

Heterogeneously catalyzed liquid-phase oxidation of alkanes and alcohols with molecular oxygen

RuCl3 successfully reacts with the lacunary silicotungustate in organic medium, giving a Ru3+-substituted silicotungstate that can act as a heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of a wide range of alkanes and alcohols using 1 atm of molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Improvements in the preparation of cyclopentadienyl thallium and methylcyclopentadienylthallium and in their use in organometallic chemistry

Improved preparation methods of cyclopentadienylthallium and methylcyclopentadienylthallium, giving quantitative yields and incorporating ultrasound techniques, are described. Their use as starting materials for a wide range of organometallic syntheses is discussed and demonstrated.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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The origin of the surprising stabilities of highly charged self-assembled polymetallic complexes in solution

The thermodynamics of electrochemical and complexation reactions involving the heterobimetallic triple-stranded helicates [MA(L5)3]n+ (M = Ru(II), Cr(III) and A = Ca(II), Lu(III)) reveal that solvation processes mask intramolecular intermetallic repulsions in solution, a phenomenon at the origin of the surprising stabilities of highly charged self-assembled polymetallic complexes in solution. A judicious combination of Born-Haber cycles and the Born equation restores the expected electrostatic trend in the gas phase, in which intermetallic interactions can be simply modeled using a standard Coulombic approach. Semiquantitative estimation and prediction of the contribution of the intermetallic repulsion to the total free energy of the formation of discrete polymetallic assemblies in solution become thus accessible. This point is crucial for programming stable metallosupramolecular architectures in solution.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Iridium-ruthenium single phase mixed oxides for oxygen evolution: Composition dependence of electrocatalytic activity

Mixed iridium-ruthenium oxide is a promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction. The interaction of the two elements and their contribution to the catalytic activity are of fundamental interest. An iridium-ruthenium oxide catalyst was therefore prepared hydrothermally and characterised by cyclic voltammetry, steady state polarisation measurements, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalysts were shown to be solid solutions. Due to significant surface segregation of IrO2 the range of surface compositions was much narrower than the bulk composition-range. The charge-normalised current densities at constant potential for these surface-segregated solid solutions were found to be similar to those obtained at catalysts prepared by physically mixing corresponding ratios of the end-member oxides IrO2 and RuO2. Tafel slopes were in the order of 40 mV dec-1 for the end members and slightly higher for intermediate compositions.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, SDS of cas: 10049-08-8

Tetradentate Schiff base ligands and their complexes: Synthesis, structural characterization, thermal, electrochemical and alkane oxidation

Three Schiff base ligands (H2L1-H2L 3) with N2O2 donor sites were synthesized by condensation of 1,5-diaminonapthalene with benzaldehyde derivatives. A series of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Cr(III) complexes were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. Thermal, electrochemical and alkane oxidation reactions of the ligands and their metal complexes were investigated. Extensive application of 1D (1H, 13C NMR) and 2D (COSY, HETCOR, HMBC and TOSCY) NMR techniques were used to characterize the structures of the ligands and establish the 1H and 13C resonance assignments of the three ligands. Ligands H2L1 and H2L3 were obtained as single crystals from THF solution and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Both molecules are centrosymmetric and asymmetric unit contains one half of the molecule. Catalytic alkane oxidation reactions with the transition metal complexes investigated using cyclohexane and cyclooctane as substrates. The Cu(II) and Cr(III) complexes showed good catalytic activity in the oxidation of cyclohexane and cyclooctane to desired oxidized products. Electrochemical and thermal properties of the compounds were also investigated.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Complex heterobimetallic salts derived from 1-ethoxycarbonyl-1- cyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolatodioxouranate(VI) ion: Preparation and properties

The reaction of K2[UO2(ecda)2] (generated in situ) with cationic complexes [M(N-N)3]X2 [M = Fe(II), Ru(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) or Cd(II); N-N = 2,2′-dipyridyl (dipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or ethylenediamine (en); ecda2- = 1-ethoxycarbonyl-1-cyanoethylene-2,2- dithiolate; X = Cl-, NO3- or 1/2 SO42-] and n-Pr4NI in 1:1/1:2 molar ratio afforded the complex bimetallic salts [M(N-N)3][UO2(ecda)2] and the complex salt [n-Pr4N]2[UO2(ecda)2], that have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements, electrochemical and relevant spectroscopic studies. UV-visible absorption spectra in DMSO support the existence of ion-pair charge transfer (IPCT) absorption band which occurs due to charge transfer interaction between [Fe(phen)3/Ru(dipy)3]2+ and [UO2(ecda)2]2+ion. Temperature dependent (303-373 K) pressed pellet conductivities of the complexes have been studied. All the bimetallic salts of this series comprise discrete tris- chelated octahedral cations [M(N-N)3]2+ and his-chelated dioxouranium(-V1) anion, [UO2(ecda)2]2- with no sign of ligand exchange reaction in solution during the course of their formation.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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HETEROCYCLIC RETINOID COMPOUNDS

The current invention provide novel heterocyclic retinoid compounds, methods of treating or preventing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer and dermatological disorders, pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the treatment or prevention of these disorders and methods for delivering formulations of these retinoids to a mammal having these disorders.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, Recommanded Product: 10049-08-8

Redox state switching of transition metals by deprotonation of the tridentate ligand 2,6-bis(imidazol-2-yl)pyridine

The chemistry of the ligand 1, 2,6-bis(imidazol-2-yl)pyridine with manganese, cobalt, nickel and ruthenium has been investigated. The ligand binds as a meridional tridentate ligand as shown by the crystal structures of [Mn(1)2](CF3SO3)2*Et2O and [Ru(1)2](PF6)2*2CH3CN*H2O. The coordinatedligand is deprotonated in mildly basic solution, and this leads to a dr op in the metal M(III)/M(II) reduction potential for cobalt and ruthenium of roughly 1.3 V. The crystal structure of Na2(PPN)[Co(1- 2H)2]2(OH)*MeOH*2H2O confirms the deprotonation and shows sodium to bind to the deprotonated nitrogen atoms. No stabilisation of the M(III) oxidation state was observed for nickel and manganese.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI