Category: 10049-08-8

In an article, published in an article, once mentioned the application of 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride,molecular formula is Cl3Ru, is a conventional compound. this article was the specific content is as follows.Application In Synthesis of Ruthenium(III) chloride

Ruthenium-bipyridine complexes bearing fullerene or carbon nanotubes: Synthesis and impact of different carbon-based ligands on the resulting products

This paper discusses the synthesis of two carbon-based pyridine ligands of fullerene pyrrolidine pyridine (C60-py) and multi-walled carbon nanotube pyrrolidine pyridine (MWCNT-py) via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The two complexes, C60-Ru and MWCNT-Ru, were synthesized by ligand substitution in the presence of NH4PF6, and Ru(ii)(bpy)2Cl2 was used as a reaction precursor. Both complexes were characterized by mass spectroscopy (MS), elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results showed that the substitution way of C 60-py is different from that of MWCNT-py. The C60-py and a NH3 replaced a Cl- and a bipyridine in Ru(ii)(bpy) 2Cl2 to produce a five-coordinate complex of [Ru(bpy)(NH3)(C60-py)Cl]PF6, whereas MWCNT-py replaced a Cl- to generate a six-coordinate complex of [Ru(bpy) 2(MWCNT-py)Cl]PF6. The cyclic voltammetry study showed that the electron-withdrawing ability was different for C60 and MWCNT. The C60 showed a relatively stronger electron-withdrawing effect with respect to MWCNT. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Probing the formation mechanism and chemical states of carbon-supported Pt-Ru nanoparticles by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy

The understanding of the formation mechanism of nanoparticles is essential for the successful particle design and scaling-up process. This paper reports findings of an X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) investigation, comprised of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) regions, to understand the mechanism of the carbon-supported Pt-Ru nanoparticles (NPs) formation process. We have utilized Watanabe’s colloidal reduction method to synthesize Pt-Ru/C NPs. We slightly modified the Watanabe method by introducing a mixing and heat treatment step of Pt and Ru oxidic species at 100C for 8 h with a view to enhance the mixing efficiency of the precursor species, thereby one can achieve improved homogeneity and atomic distribution in the resultant Pt-Ru/C NPs. During the reduction process, in situ XAS measurements allowed us to follow the evolution of Pt and Ru environments and their chemical states. The Pt LIII-edge XAS indicates that when H2PtCl6 is treated with NaHSO 3, the platinum compound is found to be reduced to a Pt(II) form corresponding to the anionic complex [Pt(SO3)4] 6-. Further oxidation of this anionic complex with hydrogen peroxide forms dispersed [Pt(OH)6]2- species. Analysis of Ru K-edge XAS results confirms the reduction of RuIIICl3 to [RuIII(OH)4]2- species upon addition of NaHSO3. Addition of hydrogen peroxide to [RuII(OH) 4]2- causes dehydrogenation and forms RuOx species. Mixing of [Pt(OH)6]2- and RuOx species and heat treatment at 100C for 8 h produced a colloidal sol containing both Pt and Ru metallic as well as ionic contributions. The reduction of this colloidal mixture at 300C in hydrogen atmosphere for 2 h forms Pt-Ru nanoparticles as indicated by the presence of Pt and Ru atoms in the first coordination shell. Determination of the alloying extent or atomic distribution of Pt and Ru atoms in the resulting Pt-Ru/C NPs reveals that the alloying extent of Ru (JRu) is greater than that of the alloying extent of Pt (JPt). The XAS results support the Pt-rich core and Ru-rich shell structure with a considerable amount of segregation in the Pt region and with less segregation in the Ru region for the obtained Pt-Ru/C NPs.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Reference of 10049-08-8, An article , which mentions 10049-08-8, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. The compound – Ruthenium(III) chloride played an important role in people’s production and life.

Syntheses and redox properties of bis(hydroxoruthenium) complexes with quinone and bipyridine ligands. Water-oxidation catalysis

The novel bridging ligand 1,8-bis(2,2?;6?,2?-terpyridyl)anthracene (btpyan) is synthesized by three reactions from 1,8-diformylanthracene to connect two [Ru(L)(OH)]+ units (L = 3,6-di-tert-buty1-1,2-benzoquinone (3,6-tBu2-qui) and 2.2?-bipyridine (bpy)). An addition of tBuOK (2.0 equiv) to a methanolic solution of [RuII2(OH)2(3.6-tBu2 qui)2(btpyan)](SbF6)2 ([1](SbF6)2) results in the generation of [RuII2(O)2(3,6-t Bu2sq)2(btpyan)]0 (3,6-tBu2sq = 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,2-semiquinone) due to the reduction of quinone coupled with the dissociation of the hydroxo protons. The resultant complex [RuII2(O)2(3,6-t Bu2sq)2(btpyan)]0 undergoes ligand-localized oxidation at E1/2= +0.40 V (vs Ag/AgCl) to give [RuII2(O)2(3,6-t Bu2qui)2(btpyan)]2+ in MeOH solution, Furthermore, metal-localized oxidation of [RuII2(O)2(3,6-t Bu2qui)2(btpyan)]2+ at Ep= +1.2 V in CF3CH2OH/ether or water gives [RuIII2(O)2(3,6-t Bu2qui)2(btpyan)]4+, which catalyzes water oxidation. Controlled-potential electrolysis of [1](SbF6)2 at +1.70 V in the presence of H2O in CF3CH2OH evolves dioxygen with a current efficiency of 91% (21 turnovers). The turnover number of O2 evolution increases to 33 500 when the electrolysis is conducted in water (pH 4.0) by using a [1](SbF6)2-modified ITO electrode. On the other hand, the analogous complex [RuII2(OH)2(bpy)2(btpyan)]- (SbF6)2 ([2](SBF6)2) shows neither dissociation of the hydroxo protons, even in the presence of a large excess of tBuOK, nor activity for the oxidation of H2O under similar conditions.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, Quality Control of: Ruthenium(III) chloride

Hydrogen activation and reactivity of ruthenium sulfide catalysts: Influence of the dispersion

In order to examine the influence of the size of particles on the catalytic properties of sulfide catalysts, a series of ruthenium sulfide based catalysts, dispersed in a KY zeolite, supported on silica or unsupported, were prepared and characterized. Such a methodology allowed us to vary the particle size in a large domain. The particle sizes were determined by HREM for RuS2/silica (3.6 nm) and the unsupported sample (5 nm) and by SAXS for the zeolite catalyst (1.2 nm). From these measurements, the fractions of ruthenium and sulfur present at the surface of the catalysts were deduced. The TPR patterns of the three catalysts exhibit three peaks whose relative proportions were also related to the amount of surface sulfur. An excellent agreement was observed between both kinds of determination. Then, the influence of a progressive reduction of the surface on the adsorbing and catalytic properties of the three samples was studied in the whole S/Ru range. Striking similarities were observed for the three catalysts concerning the nature of the hydrogen species and the variation of the hydrogenation activity with S/Ru. Indeed, inelastic neutron scattering revealed the presence of hydride species, as was already observed for unsupported RuS2. The determination by TPD of the amount of hydrogen adsorbed and the measurements of catalytic activities allowed the determination of the turnover frequency for the catalysts of the present series. It appeared that these values are almost similar, which shows that the same active phase can be obtained as unsupported catalyst or highly dispersed in a zeolite. The interest of using this KY zeolite is to stabilize nanoparticles of sulfide phase inside its framework and consequently to obtain a high number of active sites.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru, belongs to ruthenium-catalysts compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, once mentioned the new application about 10049-08-8, HPLC of Formula: Cl3Ru

Synthesis of phenanthroline derivatives by Sonogashira reaction and the use of their ruthenium complexes as optical sensors

The phenanthroline derivatives, which have alkynyl groups, were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed, Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction to provide the following coupled products: 4,7-bis(4-phenylethynyl-phenyl)-[1,10]phenanthroline (6a) and 4,7-bis{4-(4-hydroxy-buty-1-ynyl)-phenyl)-[1,10]phenanthroline (6b) at 87 and 89% yield, respectively. Their ruthenium complexes, tris{4,7-bis(4-phenylethynyl-phenyl)-[1,10]phenanthroline} ruthenium(II) bis(hexafluorophosphate) (7a) and tris[4,7-bis{4-(4-hydroxy-buty-1-ynyl)-phenyl)-[1, 10]phenanthroline}ruthenium(II)bis(hexafluoro-phosphate) (7b), were synthesized under mild conditions. The former showed relative fluorescence intensity changes between fully oxygenated and fully deoxygenated atmospheres, while the latter showed a linear fluorescence intensity response between pH 6 and 13.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.HPLC of Formula: Cl3Ru. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 10049-08-8

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Ruthenium(III) complexes of salicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazones: Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization

Ruthenium(III) complexes of salicylaldehyde benzoyl- and nicotinoylhydrazones have been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, electronic absorption, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and electrophoresis. Synthesis conditions have been shown to affect the coordination mode of the ligand. Copyright

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

In an article, published in an article, once mentioned the application of 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride,molecular formula is Cl3Ru, is a conventional compound. this article was the specific content is as follows.Product Details of 10049-08-8

Photochemical charge transfer and hydrogen evolution mediated by oxide semiconductor particles in zeolite-based molecular assemblies

Two integrated systems for light-induced vectorial electron transfer are described. Both utilize photosensitized semiconductor particles grown in linear channel zeolites as components of the electron transfer chain. One system consists of internally platinized zeolites L and mordenite containing TiO2 particles and methylviologen ions, with a size-excluded photosensitizer, tris(2,2a??-bipyridyl-4,4a??-dicarboxylate)ruthenium (RuL32+), adsorbed on the external surface of the zeolite/TiO2 composite. In the other system, Nb2O5 replaces TiO2. The kinetics of photochemical electron transfer reactions and charge separation were studied by diffuse reflectance flash photolysis. Despite very efficient initial charge separation, the TiO2 system does not generate hydrogen photochemically in the presence of an electrochemically reversible, anionic electron donor, methoxyaniline N,Na??-bis(ethyl sulfonate). Only the Nb2O5-containing composites evolved hydrogen photochemically under these conditions. These results are interpreted in terms of semiconductor band energetics and the irreversibility of electron transfer from Nb2O5 to intrazeolitic platinum particles.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Colloidal RuB/Al2O3¡¤xH2O catalyst for liquid phase hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene

A colloidal RuB/Al2O3¡¤xH2O catalyst was prepared through a combined coprecipitation-crystallization-reduction method to improve the hydrophilicity of the catalyst and consequently the selectivity to cyclohexene. The concentration of cyclohexene increased much faster than that of cyclohexane at the beginning of the reaction, and reached a maximum of 39.6 mole % at benzene conversion of 77.4 mole % with reaction time of ? 35 min. The colloidal RuB/Al2O3¡¤xH2O catalyst was more active and selective than the RuB/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst in selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene. The higher dispersion of the much smaller amorphous RuB nanoparticles over the RuB/Al2O3¡¤xH2O catalyst could be responsible for the superior activity.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Potentiostatic modulation of the lifetime of light-induced charge separation in a heterosupermolecule

A heterosupermolecule has been assembled by covalently linking a TiO2 nanocrystal, a ruthenium complex, and a viologen. The associated heterosupramolecular function, long-lived light-induced charge separation, has been demonstrated. Potentiostatic modulation of this function has also been demonstrated. The reported findings and associated insights may find practical applications in the area of optical information storage. A 1999 American Chemical Society.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, Application In Synthesis of Ruthenium(III) chloride

Semiconductor-based interfacial electron-transfer reactivity: Decoupling kinetics from pH-dependent band energetics in a dye-sensitized titanium dioxide/aqueous solution system

Hexaphosphonation of Ru(bpy)32+ provides a basis for surface attachment to nanocrystalline TiO2 in film (electrode) or colloidal form and for subsequent retention of the molecule over an extraordinarily wide pH range. Visible excitation of the surface-attached complex leads to rapid injection of an electron into the semiconductor. Return electron transfer, monitored by transient absorbance spectroscopy, is biphasic with a slow component that can be reversibly eliminated by adjusting the potential of the dark electrode to a value close to the conduction-band edge (ECB). Evaluation of the fast component yields a back-electron-transfer rate constant of 5(¡À0.5) ¡Á 107 s-1 that is invariant between pH = 11 and H0 = -8, despite a greater than 1 eV change in ECB (i.e., the nominal free energy of the electron in the electrode). The observed insensitivity to large changes in band-edge energetics stands in marked contrast to the behavior expected from a straightforward application of conventional interfacial electron-transfer theory and calls into question the existing interpretation of these types of reactions as simple inverted region processes.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI