Category: 10049-08-8

Application of 10049-08-8, Chemistry can be defined as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. You¡¯ll sometimes hear it called the central science because it is the connection between physics and all the other sciences, starting with biology.10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a patent, introducing its new discovery.

Kinetics and mechanism of Uncatalysed and Ruthenium(III) Catalysed Oxidation of Mandelic Acid by N-Bromoacetamide in Aqueous Sulphuric Acid Medium

Rates of uncatalysed and ruthenium(III) catalysed oxidation of mandelic acid (MA) by N-bromoacetamide (NBA) were measured in aqueous sulphuric acid.The overall order of the uncatalysed reaction is of first order in each reactant, i.e.NBA and MA.Under catalysed conditions the order in is however unity but that in and fractional.The rates are found to increase with increase in and decrease with increase in acetamide .The catalysed redox process is assumed to form an adduct between the catalyst and MA in a rapid reversible step which later reacts with NBA bimolecularly in a slow step to give rise to products.Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated for both uncatalysed and catalysed processes and discussed.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Ruthenium complexes of the scorpionate ligand bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl) -dithioacetate and the effect of nitric oxide coordination

Six new ruthenium(II) complexes with the scorpionate ligand bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)dithio-kappa3N,N,S-acetate (bdmpzdta) were obtained by treatment of the ligand with RuCl3 or [RuCl 3(NO)] in 1:1 or 2:1 molar ratios in the presence or absence of ethylenediamine. In all six complexes the pyrazolic rings lie in the equatorial plane. The mononitrosyl complexes present a sharp nu(NO) band in the range 1864-1859 cm-1 for samples prepared either as KBr tablets or dichloromethane solutions. In the case of [Ru(NO)-(bdmpzdta)2]Cl (7), the dithiocarboxylate group of one of the ligands is not coordinated (kappa2N,N). In the other five complexes, however, bdmpzdta behaves as a kappa3N,N,S scorpionate ligand. When the complexes obtained from RuCl3 were dissolved in dichloromethane and NO was bubbled through the solution, a high degree of coordination of NO+ was observed, according to IR, UV and voltammetric studies. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, COA of Formula: Cl3Ru

Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of Zinc(II) and ruthenium(III) pyridoxine complexes

Pyridoxine (pyH) complexes of zinc(II) and ruthenium(III) have been synthesized and characterized by spectral data including UV-visible, infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The pyH/py- ligand is coordinated to zinc and ruthenium through N atom of the pyridine ring and O atom of 5′-CH 2OH group. The structures have been proposed for the two non-ionic complexes. The Zn(II) complex is found to be diamagnetic whereas the Ru(III) complex is paramagnetic. The antioxidant activity evaluation of pyH, Zn-pyH and Ru-py complexes has been evaluated.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Ru(III)-catalysed oxidation of some N-heterocycles by chloramine-T in hydrochloric acid medium: A kinetic and mechanistic study

The kinetics of the ruthenium(III) chloride (Ru(III))-catalysed oxidation of five N-heterocycles (S) viz. imidazole (IzlH), benzimidazole (BzlH), 2-hydroxybenzimidazole (2-HyBzlH), 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-AmBzlH) and 2-phenylbenzimidazole (2-PhBzlH) by sodium-N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (chloramine-T; CAT) in the presence of HCl has been studied at 313 K. The oxidation reaction follows the identical kinetics for all the five N-heterocycles and obeys the rate law, rate = k [CAT]0 [S] 0x [H+]y [Ru(III)]z, where x, y and z are less than unity. Addition of p-toluenesulfonamide (PTS) retards the reaction rate. Variation of ionic strength of the medium and the addition of halide ions show negligible effect on the rate of the reaction. The rate was found to increase in D2O medium and showed positive dielectric effect. The reaction products are identified. The rates are measured at different temperatures for all substrates and the composite activation parameters have been computed from the Arrhenius plots. From enthalpy-entropy relationships and Exner correlations, the calculated isokinetic temperature (beta) of 392 K is much higher than the experimental temperature (313 K), indicating that, the rate has been under enthalpy control. Relative reactivity of these substrates are in the order: 2-HyBzlH > 2-AmBzlH > BzlH > IzlH > 2-PhBzlH. This trend may be attributed to resonance and inductive effects. Further, the kinetics of Ru(III)-catalysed oxidation of these N-heterocycles have been compared with uncatalysed reactions (in the absence of Ru(III) catalyst) and found that the catalysed reactions are 16-20 times faster. The catalytic constant (KC) was also calculated for each substrate at different temperatures. From the plots of log KC versus 1/T, values of activation parameters with respect to the catalyst have been evaluated. H2O+Cl has been postulated as the reactive oxidizing species. The reaction mechanism and the derived rate law are consistent with the observed experimental results.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, Recommanded Product: Ruthenium(III) chloride

A comparative study of the ruthenium(VI)dioxocarboxylato salts, [PPh4][RuO2(OCOR)Cl2] (R = CH3, CF3, C6H5, C6F5, C5H11), in the oxidation of alcohols

The compounds [PPh4][Ru(O)2(OCOR)Cl2] (R = CH3 1a, CF3 1b, C6H5 1c, C6F5 1d, C5H11 1e) were prepared and fully characterised. The fluorinated compounds 1b and 1d were obtained in significantly higher yields than their protonated analogues 1a and 1c and compound 1b was found to be a clearly superior stoichiometric oxidant to compound 1a. The compounds 1a-1e were examined as catalytic oxidants for the oxidation of 1- and 2-hexanol, to hexanal and 2-hexanone respectively, with the co-oxidants H2O2, NaOCl, t-BuOOH, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, Me3NO, O2, C6H5IO and Bu4NIO4. Compounds 1c and 1d were further studied in the catalytic oxidation of a wide range of alcohols (using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide and Bu4NIO4 as co-oxidants) and found to give the corresponding aldehydes or ketones very selectively, with no attack on sensitive linkages or functional groups and no over-oxidation products. Compounds 1c and 1d were also supported on poly(4-vinylpyridine) to give active catalysts.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, get their minds active, and encourage them to do something that doesn¡¯t involve a screen. 10049-08-8, Cl3Ru. A document type is Article, introducing its new discovery., Safety of Ruthenium(III) chloride

Comparison of high-throughput electrochemical methods for testing direct methanol fuel cell anode electrocatalysts

The screening and testing of fuel cell electrocatalysts often involves comparisons under conditions that do not closely match their use in membrane electrode assemblies. We compared the activities of several commercial and homemade Pt and PtRu catalysts for electrochemical methanol oxidation by four different techniques; disk electrode linear sweep voltammetry in aqueous methanol/sulfuric acid solutions, optical fluorescence detection in aqueous methanol solutions containing a fluorescent acid-base indicator, steady-state voltammetry in a 25 electrode array fuel cell with a large common counter electrode, and steadystate voltammetry in a conventional direct methanol fuel cell. The fluorescence detection method, which is a high-throughput technique developed for large arrays of electrocatalysts, can distinguish active from inactive catalysts, but it does not accurately rank active catalysts. Both the disk electrode and array fuel cell methods gave a reliable ranking of the catalysts studied. The best agreement occurred between the array fuel cell and single electrode fuel cell catalyst rankings. A wide range of catalytic activities was found for PtRu catalysts of the same nominal composition that were prepared by different methods.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Biosynthesis of the (2S,3R)-3-methyl glutamate residue of nonribosomal lipopeptides

The calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDAs) and daptomycin are therapeutically relevant nonribosomal lipopeptide antibiotics that contain penultimate C-terminal 3-methyl glutamate (3-MeGlu) residues. Comparison with synthetic standards showed that (2S,3R)-configured 3-MeGlu is present in both CDA and daptomycin. Deletion of a putative methyltransferase gene glmT from the cda biosynthetic gene cluster abolished the incorporation of 3-MeGlu and resulted in the production of Glu-containing CDA exclusively. However, the 3-MeGlu chemotype could be re-established through feeding synthetic 3-methyl-2- oxoglutarate and (2S,3R)-3-MeGlu, but not (2S,3S)-3-MeGlu. This indicates that methylation occurs before peptide assembly, and that the module 10 A-domain of the CDA peptide synthetase is specific for the (2S,3R)-stereoisomer. Further mechanistic analyses suggest that GlmT catalyzes the SAM-dependent methylation of alpha-ketoglutarate to give (3R)-methyl-2-oxoglutarate, which is transaminated to (2S,3R)-3-MeGlu. These insights will facilitate future efforts to engineer lipopeptides with modified glutamate residues, which may have improved bioactivity and/or reduced toxicity.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Hydrogen evolution on porous Ni cathodes modified by spontaneous deposition of Ru or Ir

Porous Ni deposits, prepared by cathodic deposition, were modified by immersing them in acid deaerated solutions containing Ru(III) or Ir(IV) chloride complexes with which they readily reacted, without any activation procedure, giving rise to spontaneous deposition of either Ru or Ir. The obtained electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. All data showed that the initial large area of the Ni deposits further increased upon immersion in solutions of noble metal complexes. EDX analyses proved that the deposition of Ru reached a limiting situation in some hours, while that of Ir was slower and continued for a longer time. The persistence of intense peaks due to the Ni(II)/Ni(III) redox system showed that Ru and Ir did not form a continuous layer able to prevent the contact between Ni and electrolyte. Hydrogen evolution was studied in 1 M NaOH solutions. Spontaneous deposition of both noble metals markedly improved the performance of porous Ni. The best results were achieved with Ir-modified electrodes, after immersion in Ir(IV) solution for 6 h. Tafel slopes and overpotentials of Ru-modified electrodes were not as low as those of Ir-modified electrodes.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, HPLC of Formula: Cl3Ru

Bridging and terminal half-sandwich ruthenium dinitrogen complexes and related derivatives: A structural study

The reaction of [CpRuCl(P)2] [(P)2 = dippe (1,2-bis(diisopropylphosphino)ethane; (PEt3)2; (PMeiPr2)2] with Na[BAr?4] (Ar?4 = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) in fluorobenzene under argon generates the corresponding cationic 16-electron species [CpRu(P)2]+, which reacts with trace amounts of dinitrogen present even in high-purity argon furnishing the dinitrogen-bridged complexes [{CpRu(P)2}2(mu-N2)][BAr?4] 2 [(P)2 = dippe 1a; (PEt3)2 1b; (PMeiPr2)2 1c]. If the reaction is performed under dinitrogen, the terminal dinitrogen complexes [CpRu-(N2)(P)2][BAr?4] [(P)2 = dippe 2a; (PMeiPr2)2 2c] are obtained. Compound 1b was obtained irrespectively of the atmosphere used, and no terminal dinitrogen complex has been detected. The crystal structures of 1a, 1b, and 2a have been determined. During one attempt to isolate the 16-electron complex [CpRu(PMeiPr2)2][BAr?4], the 18-electron tris(phosphine) derivative [CpRu(PMeiPr2)3][BAr?4], 3, was obtained instead, and it was structurally characterized. Halide abstraction from [CpRuCl(PMeiPr2)(PPh3)] under dinitrogen using Na[BAr?4] yielded [CpRu(N2)(PMeiPr2)(PPh3)] [BAr?4], 2d, but under argon the complex [CpRu(PMeiPr2)(PPh3)]-[BAr?4], 4, which contains a rare eta3-coordinated PPh3 ligand as shown by X-ray crystallography, was isolated.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, name: Ruthenium(III) chloride

Kinetics of Ru(III)-catalysed and Uncatalysed Oxidation of Chloroacetic Acids by N-Bromosuccinimide in Aqueous Solution

The title reaction, studied in the presence of mercuric acetate and sulphuric acid is first order in both in the presence and absence of catalyst Ru(III).However, the order in in the absence of Ru(III), is unity which changes to fractional order in its presence.Increase in retards the reaction rate.The order of reactivities of the three acetic acids is: trichloroacetic acid > dichloroacetic acid > monochloroacetic acid.Individual rate constants (k), formation constants (K1) of the complexes of chloroacetic acids and the catalyst and corresponding thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated and a suitable mechanism involving the unprotonated NBS as the reactive species has been suggested.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI