Category: 15746-57-3

15746-57-3, Name is Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), molecular formula is C20H16Cl2N4Ru, belongs to ruthenium-catalysts compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, once mentioned the new application about 15746-57-3, Formula: C20H16Cl2N4Ru

Photocurrent measurements have been made on nanocrystalline TiO2 surfaces derivatized by adsorption of a catalyst precursor, [Ru(tpy)(bpy(PO3H2)2)(OH2)] 2+, or chromophore, [Ru(bpy)2(bpy(PO3H 2)2)]2+ (tpy is 2,2:6,2 terpyridine, bpy is 2,2 -bipyridine, and bpy(PO3H2)2 is 2,2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -diphosphonic acid), and on surfaces containing both complexes. This is an extension of earlier work on an adsorbed assembly containing both catalyst and chromophore. The experiments were carried out with the l 3-/l- or quinone/hydroquinone (Q/H 2Q) relays in propylene carbonate, propylene carbonate-water mixtures, and acetonitrile-water mixtures. Electrochemical measurements show that oxidation of surface-bound RuIII-OH23- to RuIV=O2+ is catalyzed by the bpy complex. Addition of aqueous 0.1 M HCIO4 greatly decreases photocurrent efficiencies for adsorbed [Ru(tpy)(bpy(PO3H2)2)(OH 2)]2+ with the I3-/I- relay, but efficiencies are enhanced for the Q/H2Q relay in both propylene carbonate-HCI04 and acetonitrileHCIO4 mixtures. The dependence of the incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) on added H2Q in 95% propylene carbonate and 5% 0.1 M HCIO4 is complex and can be interpreted as changing from rate-limiting diffusion to the film at low H2Q to rate-limiting diffusion within the film at high H2Q. There is no evidence for photoelectrochemical cooperativity on mixed surfaces containing both complexes with the IPCE response reflecting the relative surface compositions of the two complexes. These results provide insight into the possible design of photoelectrochemical synthesis cells for the oxidation of organic substrates.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.Formula: C20H16Cl2N4Ru. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 15746-57-3

Reference：
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

15746-57-3, Name is Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), molecular formula is C20H16Cl2N4Ru, belongs to ruthenium-catalysts compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, once mentioned the new application about 15746-57-3, Product Details of 15746-57-3

To realise useful control over molecular motion in the future an extensive toolbox of both actionable molecules and stimuli-responsive units must be developed. Previously, our laboratory has reported 1,1?-disubstituted ferrocene (Fc) rotor units which assume a contracted/pi-stacked conformation until complexation of cationic metal ions causes rotation about the Ferrocene (Fc) molecular ‘ball-bearing’. Herein, we explore the potential of using the photochemical ejection of [Ru(2,2?-bipyridyl)2]2+ units as a stimulus for the rotational contraction of new ferrocene rotor units. Fc rotors with both ‘regular’ and ‘inverse’ 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole binding pockets and their corresponding [Ru(2,2?-bipyridyl)2]2+ complexes were synthesised. The rotors and complexes were characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopies, Electro-Spray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS), and electrochemistry. The 1,1?-disubstituted Fc ligands were shown to pi-stack both in solution and solid state. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations (CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d)) support the notion that complexation to [Ru(2,2?-bipyridyl)2]2+ caused a rotation from the syn- to the anti-conformation. Upon photo-irradiation with UV light (254 nm), photo-ejection of the [Ru(2,2?-bipyridyl)2(CH3CN)2]2+ units in acetonitrile was observed. The recomplexation of the [Ru(2,2?-bipyridyl)2]2+ units could be achieved using acetone as the reaction solvent. However, the process was exceedingly slowly. Additionally, the Fc ligands slowly decomposed when exposed to UV irradiation meaning that only one extension and contraction cycle could be completed.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.Product Details of 15746-57-3. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 15746-57-3

Reference：
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Electric Literature of 15746-57-3, Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 15746-57-3, Name is Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), molecular formula is C20H16Cl2N4Ru. In a Article，once mentioned of 15746-57-3

Ruthenium drugs are potent anti-cancer agents, but inducing drug selectivity and enhancing their modest activity remain challenging. Slow Ru ligand loss limits the formation of free sites and subsequent binding to DNA base pairs. Herein, we designed a ligand that rapidly dissociates upon irradiation at low pH. Activation at low pH can lead to cancer selectivity, since many cancer cells have higher metabolism (and thus lower pH) than non-cancerous cells. We have used the pH sensitive ligand, 6,6?-dihydroxy- 2,2?-bipyridine (66?bpy(OH)2), to generate [Ru(bpy) 2(66?(bpy(OH)2)]2+, which contains two acidic hydroxyl groups with pKa1 = 5.26 and pKa2 = 7.27. Irradiation when protonated leads to photo-dissociation of the 66?bpy(OH)2 ligand. An in-depth study of the structural and electronic properties of the complex was carried out using X-ray crystallography, electrochemistry, UV/visible spectroscopy, and computational techniques. Notably, RuN bond lengths in the 66?bpy(OH)2 complex are longer (by ~ 0.3 A) than in polypyridyl complexes that lack 6 and 6? substitution. Thus, the longer bond length predisposes the complex for photo-dissociation and leads to the anti-cancer activity. When the complex is deprotonated, the 66?bpy(O-)2 ligand molecular orbitals mix heavily with the ruthenium orbitals, making new mixed metal-ligand orbitals that lead to a higher bond order. We investigated the anti-cancer activities of [Ru(bpy)2(66?(bpy(OH)2)]2+, [Ru(bpy)2(44?(bpy(OH)2)]2+, and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (44?(bpy(OH)2 = 4,4?-dihydroxy-2,2?-bipyridine) in HeLa cells, which have a relatively low pH. It is found that [Ru(bpy)2(66?(bpy(OH) 2)]2+ is more cytotoxic than the other ruthenium complexes studied. Thus, we have identified a pH sensitive ruthenium scaffold that can be exploited for photo-induced anti-cancer activity.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 15746-57-3 is helpful to your research., Electric Literature of 15746-57-3

Reference：
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 15746-57-3, Name is Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), molecular formula is C20H16Cl2N4Ru. In a Article，once mentioned of 15746-57-3, category: ruthenium-catalysts

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) was investigated in three covalent donor-bridge-acceptor molecules with different bridge lengths. Upon photoexcitation of their Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy=2,2,-bipyridine) photosensitizer in acetonitrile, intramolecular long-range electron transfer from a phenolic unit to Ru(bpy)32+ occurs in concert with release of the phenolic proton to pyrrolidine base. The kinetics of this bidirectional concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) reaction were studied as a function of phenol-Ru(bpy)32+ distance by increasing the number of bridging p-xylene units. A distance decay constant (beta) of 0.67±0.23 A-1 was determined. The distance dependence of the rates for CPET is thus not significantly steeper than that for ordinary (i.e., not proton coupled) electron transfer across the same bridges, despite the concerted motion of oppositely charged particles into different directions. Long-range bidirectional CPET is an important reaction in many proteins and plays a key role in photosynthesis; our results are relevant in the context of photoinduced separation of protons and electrons as a means of light-to-chemical energy conversion. This is the first determination of beta for a bidirectional CPET reaction. Time for a concert! The dependence of the rates for bidirectional concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) on the electron donor/electron acceptor distance was determined for the first time (see scheme). The results are relevant in the context of photodriven separation of protons and electrons across natural or artificial membranes as a means of light-to-chemical energy conversion.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data.category: ruthenium-catalysts, If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 15746-57-3, in my other articles.

Reference：
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

In an article, published in an article, once mentioned the application of 15746-57-3, Name is Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II),molecular formula is C20H16Cl2N4Ru, is a conventional compound. this article was the specific content is as follows.name: Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)

The understanding of structure?function relationships within synthetic biomimetic systems is a fundamental challenge in chemistry. Herein we report the direct correlation between the structure of short peptoid ligands?N-substituted glycine oligomers incorporating 2,2?-bipyridine groups?varied in their monomer sequence, and the photoluminescence of RuII centers coordinated by these ligands. Based on circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy we demonstrate that while helical peptoids do not affect the fluorescence of the embedded RuII chromophore, unstructured peptoids lead to its significant decay. Transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) revealed significant differences in the arrangements of metal-bound helical versus unstructured peptoids, suggesting that only the latter can have through-space interactions with the ruthenium dye leading to its quenching. High-resolution TEM enabled the remarkable direct imaging of singular ruthenium-bound peptoids and bundles, supporting our explanation for structure-depended quenching. Moreover, this correlation allowed us to fine-tune the luminescence properties of the complexes simply by modifying the sequence of their peptoid ligands. Finally, we also describe the chiral properties of these Ru?peptoids and demonstrate that remote chiral induction from the peptoids backbone to the ruthenium center is only possible when the peptoids are both chiral and helical.

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Reference：
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 15746-57-3, Name is Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), molecular formula is C20H16Cl2N4Ru. In a Article，once mentioned of 15746-57-3, HPLC of Formula: C20H16Cl2N4Ru

A ruthenium polypyridyl chromophore with electronically isolated triarylamine substituents has been synthesized that models the role of tyrosine in the electron transport chain in photosystem II. When bound to the surface of a TiO2 electrode, electron injection from a Ru(II) Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) excited state occurs from the complex to the electrode to give Ru(III). Subsequent rapid electron transfer from the pendant triarylamine to Ru(III) occurs with an observed rate constant of 1010 s-1, which is limited by the rate of electron injection into the semiconductor. Transfer of the oxidative equivalent away from the semiconductor surface results in dramatically reduced rates of back electron transfer, and a long-lived (= 165 mus) triarylamine radical cation that has been used to oxidize hydroquinone to quinone in solution.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data.HPLC of Formula: C20H16Cl2N4Ru, If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 15746-57-3, in my other articles.

Reference：
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Reference of 15746-57-3, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, get their minds active, and encourage them to do something that doesn’t involve a screen. 15746-57-3, C20H16Cl2N4Ru. A document type is Article, introducing its new discovery.

Three new bis(2,2?-bipyridine)-heteroleptic Ru(II) dyads incorporating thienyl groups (n = 1?3, compounds 1, 2 and 3, respectively) appended to 1,10-phenanthroline were synthesized and characterized to investigate the impact of n on the photophysical and photobiological properties within the series. All three complexes showed unstructured emission near 618 nm from a triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) state with a lifetime (tauem) of approximately 1 mus. Transient absorption measurements revealed an additional excited state that was nonemissive and long-lived (tauTA = 43 mus for 2 and 27 mus for 3), assigned as a triplet intraligand (3IL) state that was accessible only in 2 and 3. All three complexes were strong singlet oxygen (1O2) sensitizers, with quantum yields (Phi?) for 2 and 3 being the largest (74?78%), and all three were photocytotoxic to cancer cells with visible light activation in the order: 3 > 2 > 1. Cell-free DNA photodamage followed the same trend, where potency increased with decreasing 3IL energy. Compounds 2 and 3 also showed in vitro photobiological effects with red light (625 nm), where their molar absorptivities were <100 m?1 cm?1. These findings highlight that Ru(II) dyads derived from alpha-oligothiophenes directly appended to 1,10-phenanthroline?namely 2 and 3?possess low-lying 3IL states that are highly photosensitizing, and they may therefore be of interest for photobiological applications such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). If you are hungry for even more, make sure to check my other article about 15746-57-3. Reference of 15746-57-3

Reference：
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, get their minds active, and encourage them to do something that doesn’t involve a screen. 15746-57-3, C20H16Cl2N4Ru. A document type is Article, introducing its new discovery., Computed Properties of C20H16Cl2N4Ru

The complex [Ru(bpy)2L]2+, where bpy=2,2?-bipyridine, L=4-(phenylethynyl)-2,2?-bipyridine, was prepared in its racemic and resolved forms (Delta and Lambda). The phenylethynyl unit on the bipyridine for the complex acts as a binding site for alpha-cyclodextrin in water (1:1 complex, K=3390 L mol-1) or beta-cyclodextrin (2:1 complex, K1=887 L mol-1, K2=8070 L mol-1). The presence of the cyclodextrin provides partial protection to the complex under light-activated water oxidation conditions.

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Reference：
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Reference of 15746-57-3. Let’s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn. Especially from a beginner’s point of view. Like 15746-57-3, Name is Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). In a document type is Article, introducing its new discovery.

A series of mono and polynuclear Ru(II) and Os(II) polypyridine complexes based on the bpy-O-bpy ligand {bpy-O-bpy = bis[4(2,2′-bipyridinyl)]ether} has been prepared. The redox, absorption and luminescence properties of these species have been measured and compared with those of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and [Os(bpy)3]2+ parent compounds. Electrochemical oxidation involves the metal centers, and occurs reversibly in acetonitrile at room temperature at about +1.30 and +0.85 V vs. SCE, respectively, for the Ru- and Os-based units. Reduction is ligand-centered and features a first irreversible wave followed by several reversible processes. Absorption spectra are essentially the sum of the spectra of the component monometallic species. Luminescence emission is observed both in acetonitrile solution (298 K) and in frozen matrix (77 K), originating from 3MLCT states. Homometallic complexes display luminescence properties which are close to that featured by the parent [M(bpy)3]2+ species. In heterometallic species luminescence is observed only from the Os-based unit, indicating that efficient energy transfer takes place from the Ru-based to the Os-based moiety. The results indicate that the electronic communication through the bpy-O-bpy bridging ligand is so small that it doesn’t substantially modify the properties of the metal units, which are those of the corresponding isolated [M(bpy)3]2+ units, but large enough to allow efficient energy transfer through the bridge. The bpy-O-bpy bridging ligand appears thus a promising component for the synthesis of multimetallic antenna systems.

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Reference：
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 15746-57-3, Name is Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), HPLC of Formula: C20H16Cl2N4Ru.

To take advantage of the luminescent properties of d6 transition metal complexes to label proteins, versatile bifunctional ligands were prepared. Ligands that contain a 1,2,3-triazole heterocycle were synthesised using CuI catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition “click” chemistry and were used to form phosphorescent IrIII and RuII complexes. Their emission properties were readily tuned, by changing either the metal ion or the co-ligands. The complexes were tethered to the metalloprotein transferrin using several conjugation strategies. The IrIII/RuII-protein conjugates could be visualised in cancer cells using live cell imaging for extended periods without significant photobleaching. These versatile phosphorescent protein-labelling agents could be widely applied to other proteins and biomolecules and are useful alternatives to conventional organic fluorophores for several applications.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.HPLC of Formula: C20H16Cl2N4Ru. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 15746-57-3

Reference：
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI