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Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of transition-metal fullerene supramolecular systems

A new ligand has been designed that provides a relatively simple framework to build supramolecular systems containing both fullerene and transition metal moieties. The modular framework of the ligand allows for the easy design of more complex systems. Analysis of absorption and emission spectra suggests significant photoinduced charge transfer between the two moieties. More complex systems and the excited-state photophysics of the presented systems are being studied.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Low-Energy and Long-Lived Emission from Polypyridyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes Having A Stable-Radical Substituent

Novel polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes having a 2,2?-bipyridine (bpy) derivative which possesses a 1,5-dimethyl-6-oxoverdazyl radical (OV) group as a stable-radical substituent were designed and synthesized. The radical-ruthenium(II) complexes showed low-energy/intense MLCT absorption and low-energy/long-lived MLCT emission, and these characteristics of the complexes were explained by the electron-withdrawing nature of the OV group. Furthermore, the radical-substituent effects were enhanced by the presence of the electron-donating methyl groups at the 4- and 4?-positions of bpy in the ancillary ligands. The detailed electrochemical, spectroscopic, and photophysical properties of the complexes were discussed in terms of the systematic modification of the second coordination sphere in the main and ancillary ligands.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Syntheses of Chelating Tetrazole-Containing Ligands and Studies of Their Palladium(II) and Ruthenium(II) Complexes

Eleven chelating tetrazole-containing ligands have been synthesized, and their complexes with palladium(II) and ruthenium(II) prepared.Proton n.m.r. spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry have been used to study the nature of the metal-ligand interactions in these complexes.The negatively charged tetrazolate group is shown to be a strong electron donor with very different properties to those of the protonated or alkylated tetrazole group.This leads to pH control of the properties of transition metal complexes containing such ligands.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Synthesis and property of a chiral salen Mn(III) complex covalently linked to an Ru(II) tris(bipyridyl) photosensitizer

A catalyst-photosensitizer binuclear Mn(III)Ru(II) complex was prepared, in which the catalyst moiety of the Mn(III) unit with a chiral pyrrolidine salen ligand was covalently linked to a photosensitizer of the Ru(II) tris(bipyridyl) fragment. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of the Mn(III)Ru(II) complex were studied.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Diastereoselective preparation and characterization of ruthenium bis(bipyridine) sulfoxide complexes

A new concept in the synthesis of optically active octahedral ruthenium complexes was realized for the first time when cis- or trans-Ru(bpy)2Cl, (cis- or trans-1) was reacted with either (R)-(+)- or (S)-(-)-methyl p-tolyl sulfoxide (2 or 3); this novel asymmetric synthesis leads to the diastereoselective formation of the ruthenium bis(bipyridine) complex cis-Delta-[Ru(bpy)2(2)Cl]Cl (4) (49.6% de) or cis-Lambda-[Ru(bpy)2(3)Cl]Cl (5) (48.4% de), respectively. cis- or trans-Ru(dmbpy)2Cl2 (cis- or trans-6) (dmbpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) also reacts with 2 or 3, leading to the diastereoselective formation of cis-Delta-[Ru(dmbpy)2(2)Cl]Cl (7) (59.5% de) or cis-Lambda-[Ru(dmbpy)2(3)Cl]Cl (8) (57.2% de), respectively. The diastereoselectivity of these reactions is governed solely by the chirality of the sulfoxide nucleophile. This represents the first process by which a sigma-bonded ligand occupying only a single coordination site has had such an important influence on the stereochemical outcome of a ruthenium bis(bipyridine) complex formation. These novel complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis and IR, UV/vis, and 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. An investigation into the chiroptical properties of these novel ruthenium bis(bipyridine) sulfoxide complexes has been carried out, and circular dichroism spectra are used to assign absolute stereochemistry.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Synthesis and electrochemical properties of bis(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes bearing pyridinyl- and pyridinylidene ligands induced by cyclometalation of N?-methylated bipyridinium analogs

Ruthenium complexes with bipyridine-analogous quaternized (N,C) bidentate ligands [RuL(bpy)2](PF6)2 (bpy = 2,2?-bipyridine, (1), L = L1 = N?-methyl-2,4?- bipyridinium; (2), L = L2 = N?-methyl-2,3?-bipyridinium) were synthesized and characterized. The structure of complex 2 was determined by the X-ray structure analysis. The 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric studies indicate that the coordination modes of these ligands are quite different, that is, the C-coordinated rings of (N,C)-ligands in 1 and 2 are linked to ruthenium(II) with a pyridinium manner and a pyridinylidene one, respectively. The ligand-localized redox potentials of 1 and 2 also revealed the substantial difference in the electron donating ability of both ligands.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Rodlike bimetallic ruthenium and osmium complexes bridged by phenylene spacers. Synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysics

In the search for light-addressable nanosized compounds we have synthesized 10 dinuclear homometallic trisbipyridyl complexes of linear structure with the general formula [M(bpy)3-BL-M(bpy)3]4+ [M = Ru(II) or Os(II); BL = polyphenylenes (2, 3, 4, or 5 units) or indenofluorene; bpy = 2,2?-bipyridine]. By using a “chemistry on the complex” approach, different sizes of rodlike systems have been obtained with a length of 19.8 and 32.5 A for the shortest and longest complex, respectively. For one of the ruthenium precursors, [RUbpy-ph2-Si(CH3) 3][PF6]2, single crystals were obtained by recrystallization from methanol. Their photophysical and electrochemical properties are reported. All the compounds are luminescent both at room and low temperature with long excited-state lifetimes due to an extended delocalization. Nanosecond transient absorption showed that the lowest excited state involves the chelating unit attached to the bridging ligand. Electrochemical data indicated that the first reduction is at a slightly more positive potential than for the reference complexes [M(bpy)3]2+ (M = Ru, Os). This result confirms that the best acceptor is the bipyridine moiety connected to the conjugated spacers. The role of the tilt angle between the phenylene units, in the two series of complexes, for the ground and excited states is discussed.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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DNA Photocleavage by Non-innocent Ligand-Based Ru(II) Complexes

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that [Ru(bpy)2(R-OQN)]+ complexes (bpy = 2,2?-bipyridine, R-OQN = 5-chloro-8-oxyquinolate or 5-bromo-8-oxyquinolate) are able to generate hydroxyl radicals and cleave DNA effectively upon visible light irradiation. The potent electron-donating ability of the R-OQN-based non-innocent ligands gives the complexes a high reducing capability, favoring the generation of superoxide anion radicals from which hydroxyl radicals may be generated. More interestingly, halogen substitution plays an important role. When the 5-Cl- or 5-Br-8-oxyquinolate ligand is replaced by 8-oxyquinolate or 5-CH3-8-oxyquinolate, the corresponding complexes lose their hydroxyl radical-generation and DNA photocleavage abilities. These findings open new applications for the non-innocent ligand-based Ru(II) complexes in the fields of biology and medicine, such as in photodynamic therapy (PDT).

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Synthesis, characterization and electronic properties of trans-[4-(alkoxycarbonyl)phenyl]porphyrin-[RuII(bpy) 3]2 complexes or boron-dipyrrin conjugates as panchromatic sensitizers for DSSCs

Two porphyrin-based dyes were synthesized that incorporate two additional chromophores to absorb in a wider UV/Vis region. In the first dye, a porphyrin ring is linked through an amide bond to two [Ru(bpy)3]2+ units, forming a symmetric [Ru(bpy)3]-porphyrin-[Ru(bpy)3] {Por(COOH)2[Ru(bpy)3]2} system. The second porphyrin is trans substituted through a triple bond to the meso position with two boron dipyrrin (BDP) molecules {Por(COOH)2(BDP)2}. Both porphyrins bear two carboxylic groups capable of binding onto a TiO 2 surface, with potential applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The title dyes were characterized by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, MALDI-TOF, UV/Vis absorption and emission studies. Copyright

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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New Ru(II) chromophores with extended excited-state lifetimes

We describe the synthesis, electrochemical, and photophysical properties of two new luminescent Ru(II) diimine complexes covalently attached to one and three 4-piperidinyl-1,8-naphthalimide (PNI) chromophores, [Ru(bpy)2(PNI-phen)](PF6)2and [Ru(PNI-phen)3](PF6)2 respectively. These compounds represent a new class of visible light-harvesting Ru(II) chromophores that exhibit greatly enhanced room-temperature metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) emission lifetimes as a result of intervening intraligand triplet states (3IL) present on the pendant naphthalimide chromophore(s). In both Ru(II) complexes, the intense singlet fluorescence of the pendant PNI chromophore(s) is nearly quantitatively quenched and was found to sensitize the MLCT-based photoluminescence. Excitation into either the 1IL or 1MLCT absorption bands results in the formation of both 3MLCT and 3IL excited states, conveniently monitored by transient absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The relative energy ordering of these triplet states was determined using time-resolved emission spectra at 77 K in an EtOH/MeOH glass where dual emission from both Ru(II) complexes was observed. Here, the shorter-lived higher energy emission has a spectral profile consistent with that typically observed from 3MLCT excited states, whereas the millisecond lifetime lower energy band was attributed to 3IL phosphorescence of the PNI chromophore. At room temperature the data are consistent with an excited-state equilibrium between the higher energy 3MLCT states and the lower energy 3PNI states. Both complexes display MLCT-based emission with room-temperature lifetimes that range from 16 to 115 mus depending upon solvent and the number of PNI chromophores present. At 77 it is apparent that the two triplet states are no longer in thermal equilibrium and independently decay to the ground state.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI