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Nitrosyl chloride reacts with hydrated ruthenium trichloride in the presence of triphenylphosphine (Ru : PPh3 = 1:8) to give the pink RuIII high spin complex NH4, NH4Cl, and the green 7 d electron complex 2 which reacts with PPh3 to give the yellow 7 d electron complex Ru(NO)Cl2(PPh3)2.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Hydrogenation of arene derivatives can be successfully performed in water by using ruthenium(0) nanoparticles stabilized by 1: 1 inclusion complexes formed between methylated cyclodextrins and an ammonium salt bearing a long alkyl chain. The Royal Society of Chemistry.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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A new series of dendrimers was assembled through formation of homo- and heteroleptic RuII complexes with [2,2?:6?,2?] terpyridine ligands bearing hydrophilic and hydrophobic dendrons, with the aim to develop amphiphilic vectors for potential use in gene delivery (Scheme 1). The synthesis started with the preparation of the 4?-(3,5-dihalo-4- methoxyphenyl)-[2,2?:6?,2?]terpyridine ligands 1a,b via the Kroehnke pyridine synthesis (Scheme 2), followed by attachment of dendrons 10a-10f (Fig. 2) by Sonogashira cross-coupling to give the dendritic ligands 11-16 (Schemes 3 and 4). Ligands were subsequently introduced into the coordination sphere of RuIII to give the stable intermediates [Ru(11)Cl3] (24; Scheme 7) and [Ru(W)Cl3] (27; Scheme 8). These were transformed under reductive conditions into the heteroleptic complexes [Ru(11)(13)](PF6)2 (25) and [Ru(13)(14)](PF 6)2 (29). Removal of the (tert-butoxy)carbonyl (Boc) protecting groups in 25 and 29 then gave the desired amphiphilic dendrimers 26 (Scheme 7) and 30 (Scheme 8) with branchings of generations 0 and 1. Complex formation was analyzed by high-resolution matrix-assisted laser-desorption- ionization Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometry (HR-MALDI-FT-ICR-MS), which provided spectra featuring unique fragment-ion series and perfectly resolved isotope distribution patterns (Figs. 4 and 5). The preparation of homo- and heteroleptic complexes with terpyridine ligands bearing generation-2 dendrons failed due to steric hindrance by the bulky wedges.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Ruthenium complexes with chiral bis(dihydrooxazolylphenyl)oxalamide ligands catalyse the epoxidation of (E)-stilbene and (E)-1-phenylpropene with 69 and 58% ee, respectively, using NaIO4 as oxidant.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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cis-Dichloro-bis(2-(2-pyridyl)-4-carbonylmethylquinoline)ruthenium (II) complex was synthesized and its structure, electrochemical, electronic absorption and emission properties were determined. A derivative Ru(II) complex with radical initiating sites was employed in the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of functional N-(omega?-alkylcarbazoly) methacrylates to provide linear metallopolymers with the metal chromophores at one termini of the polymer chain. These polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography in combination with low-angle laser light-scattering, UV-Vis and emission spectroscopy to verify the covalent attachment of the metal chromophores to the polymer chain. The polymers thermal transitions and thermal stabilities were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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(Chemical Equation Presented) Oxidation without organics: A tetraruthenium polyoxometalate (see picture; Ru blue, O red, Si yellow, W black) catalyzes the rapid oxidation of H2O to O2 in water at ambient temperature, and shows considerable stability under turnover conditions. The complex was characterized by several methods, including X-ray crystallography and cyclic voltammetry.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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The synthesis of N,N-dimethylformamide from carbon dioxide, hydrogen and dimethylamine has been studied in an autoclave using a sol-gel derived heterogeneous catalyst made of RuCl2{PPh2(CH2)2Si(OEt)3}3 and Si(OEt)4 in a ratio of 1:50. The effect of the reaction variables on the activity and selectivity of the hybrid gel was examined by varying the initial concentrations of the catalyst and dimethylamine, the partial pressures of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, the temperature and the stirring frequency. Parametric investigations revealed that the measured reaction rates are not disguised by mass transfer phenomena under the conditions applied. The suitable temperature range of the reaction is between 370 and 400 K, with the upper temperature limit given by the thermal stability of the catalyst. Hydrogen appeared to be the limiting reactant since it significantly influenced the reaction rate. In contrast, the carbon dioxide partial pressure in the range 3-18 MPa and the dimethylamine concentration had only a negligible effect on the turnover frequency, indicating a zeroth order dependence. High concentrations of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the liquid dimethylamine phase afford high concentrations of all reactants at the catalytic centres in an ideal reaction design.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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The novel secondary-tertiary hydroxymethylphosphine complex, all-trans [Ru{P(CH2OH)3)2{P(CH2OH) 2H}2Cl2], is formed by the room temperature reaction of excess tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, P(CH2OH)3, with either RuCl3¡¤H2O or [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2]; the X-ray crystal structure of the complex shows extensive intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding consistent with the high water solubility of the complex.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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A ruthenium-containing thin film is produced by the chemical vapor deposition method etc. with the use of an organometallic ruthenium compound represented by the general formula (1), specific example of which is (2,4-dimethyl-pentadienyl)(ethylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium: 1or an organometallic ruthenium compound represented by the general formula (7), specific example of which is carbonylbis(2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene) ruthenium: 2as the precursor.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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A comprehensive photophysical study is presented which compares the ground- and excited-state properties of four platinum(II) terpyridyl acetylide compounds of the general formula [Pt(tBu3tpy)(C?CR)] +, where tBu3tpy is 4,4?,4?-tri- tert-butyl-2,2?:6?,2?-terpyridine and R is an alkyl or aryl group. [Ru(tBu3tpy)3]2+ and the pivotal synthetic precursor [Pt(tBu3tpy)Cl]+ were also investigated in the current work. The latter two complexes possess short excited-state lifetimes and were investigated using ultrafast spectrometry while the other four compounds were evaluated using conventional nanosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy. The original intention of this study was to comprehend the nature of the impressive excited-state absorptions that emanate from this class of transition-metal chromophores. Transient-absorbance- difference spectra across the series contain the same salient features, which are modulated only slightly in wavelength and markedly in intensity as a function of the appended acetylide ligand. More intense absorption transients are observed in the arylacetylide structures relative to those bearing an alkylacetylide, consistent with transitions coupled to the pi system of the ancillary ligand. Reductive spectroelectrochemical measurements successfully generated the electronic spectrum of the tBu3tpy radical anion in all six complexes at room temperature. These measurements confirm that electronic absorptions associated with the tBu3tpy radical anion simply do not account for the intense optical transitions observed in the excited state of the Pt(II) chromophores. Transient-trapping experiments using the spectroscopically silent reductive quencher DABCO clearly demonstrate the loss of most transient-absorption features in the acetylide complexes throughout the UV, visible, and near-IR regions following bimolecular excited-state electron transfer, suggesting that these features are strongly tied to the photogenerated hole which is delocalized across the Pt center and the ancillary acetylide ligand.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI