Category: 20759-14-2

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Alkene oxidation catalyzed by a ruthenium-substituted heteropolyanion, SiRu(L)W11O39: The mechanism of the periodate mediated oxidative cleavage

A ruthenium-substituted heteropolyanion SiRu(H2O)W11O395- was synthesized and characterized. The hydrophobic quaternary ammonium salt of the heteropolyanion ((C6H13)4N)5SiRu III(H2O)W11O39 was used as a catalyst for the oxidation of alkenes with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, potassium persulfate, iodosobenzene, and sodium periodate as primary oxidants. Reactivity and selectivity were found to be dependent on the oxidant used; several different types of oxidation processes could be identified including allylic oxidation, epoxidation, and oxidative cleavage. Use of sodium periodate as oxidant enabled selective bond cleavage with aldehydes as the exclusive product. Different product selectivity and UV-vis and IR spectra of the ruthenium heteropoly compound in the presence of the various oxidants shows that unique mechanisms are operating in each case. A series of further experiments into the oxidation of styrene derivatives to benzaldehydes by sodium periodate including investigation of the reaction kinetics, substituent effects, and isotope incorporation enabled the formulation of a reaction mechanism. The reaction proceeds by interaction of the styrene with the catalyst forming a metallocyclooxetane which rearranges in the rate-determining step to a cyclic diester through two different transition states depending on the ring substituent. In the final step the cyclic diester decomposes yielding the cleavage products.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 20759-14-2, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate, molecular formula is Cl3H2ORu. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 20759-14-2, name: Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate

Structural, physicochemical, and reactivity properties of an all-inorganic, highly active tetraruthenium homogeneous catalyst for water oxidation

Several key properties of the water oxidation catalyst Rb8K 2[{RuIV4O4(OH)2(H 2O)4}(gamma-SiW10O36) 2] and its mechanism of water oxidation are given. The one-electron oxidized analogue [{RuVRuIV3O 6(OH2)4}(gamma-SiW10O 36)2]11- has been prepared and thoroughly characterized. The voltammetric rest potentials, X-ray structures, elemental analysis, magnetism, and requirement of an oxidant (O2) indicate these two complexes contain [RuIV4O6] and [RuVRuIV3O6] cores, respectively. Voltammetry and potentiometric titrations establish the potentials of several couples of the catalyst in aqueous solution, and a speciation diagram (versus electrochemical potential) is calculated. The potentials depend on the nature and concentration of counterions. The catalyst exhibits four reversible couples spanning only ca. 0.5 V in the H2O/O2 potential region, keys to efficient water oxidation at low overpotential and consistent with DFT calculations showing very small energy differences between all adjacent frontier orbitals. The voltammetric potentials of the catalyst are evenly spaced (a Coulomb staircase), more consistent with bulk-like properties than molecular ones. Catalysis of water oxidation by [Ru(bpy)3]3+ has been examined in detail. There is a hyperbolic dependence of O2 yield on catalyst concentration in accord with competing water and ligand (bpy) oxidations. O2 yields, turnover numbers, and extensive kinetics data reveal several features and lead to a mechanism involving rapid oxidation of the catalyst in four one-electron steps followed by rate-limiting H2O oxidation/O2 evolution. Six spectroscopic, scattering, and chemical experiments indicate that the catalyst is stable in solution and under catalytic turnover conditions. However, it decomposes slowly in acidic aqueous solutions (pH < 1.5). Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.name: Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 20759-14-2

Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.20759-14-2, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate, molecular formula is Cl3H2ORu. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 20759-14-2, Formula: Cl3H2ORu

The role of the central atom in structure and reactivity of polyoxometalates with adjacent d-electron metal sites. Computational and experimental studies of y-[(Xn+O4)RuIII 2(OH)2(MFM)10O32] (8-n)- for MFM = Mo and W, and X = AlIII, SiIV, Pv

The role of the central atom X in the structure and reactivity of di-Ru-substituted y-Keggin polyoxometalates (POMs), y-[(Xn+O 4)RuIII2(OH)2(MFM) 10O32](8-n)-, where MFM = Mo and W, and X = AlIII, SiIV, Pv, and SVI, was computationally investigated. It was shown that for both MFM -Mo and W the nature of X is crucial in determining the lower lying electronic states of the polyoxoanions, which in turn likely significantly impacts their reactivity. For the electropositive X = AlIII, the ground state is a low-spin state, while for the more electronegative X = SVI the ground state is a high-spin state. In other words, the heteroatom X can be an “internal switch” for defining the ground electronic states of the gamma-M2-Keggin POMs. The obtained trends, in general, are less pronounced for MFM = Mo than for W. On the basis of the comparison of the calculated energy gaps between low-spin and high-spin states of polytungstates and polymolybdates, we predict that the gamma-M 2-Keggin polytungstates could be more reactive than their polymolybdate analogues. For purposes of experimental verification the computationally predicted and evaluated polytungstate gamma-[(SiO 4)RuIII2(OH)2- (OH2) 2W10O32]4- was prepared and characterized.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, get their minds active, and encourage them to do something that doesn¡¯t involve a screen. 20759-14-2, Cl3H2ORu. A document type is Article, introducing its new discovery., Recommanded Product: Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate

Electrochemical studies of organometallic compounds V. Electrochemical reactions of ruthenium(II) isocyanide complexes

Electrochemical oxidations of trans-RuCl2(RNC)4 (1) and trans, trans, trans-RuCl2(RNC)2(PPh3)2 (2) (R = t-Bu, 2,6-Me2C6H3, 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, 4-Br-2,6-Me2C6H2, or 2,4-t-Bu2-6-MeC6H2) are quasi-reversible.Half-wave potentials of 1, which are higher than those of 2, are increased by the electron-withdrawing ability of isocyanide ligands.Macroscopic electrolysis of 1 and 2 in a MeCN-NaClO4 solution gives a reddish violet and a blue complex, (ClO4) (3) and (ClO4) (4), respectively.An X-ray diffraction study of 3c (R = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) shows that the stereochemistry of the starting compound 1c is retained.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Synthesis and characterization of novel oxime-imine ligands and their heteronuclear ruthenium(III) complexes

Vicinal carbonyl oxime (HL1) and oxime-imine (H 2L2) ligands and their mononuclear Ru(III) and Cu(II), heterodinuclear Ru(III)-Mn(II), Ru(III)-Ni(II), Ru(III)-Cu(II), and heterotrinuclear Ru(III)-Cu(II)-Ru(III) chelates were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, ESR, ICP-OES, magnetic moment measurements, and thermal analyses studies. The free ligands were also characterized by 1H NMR spectra. The carbonyl-oxime ligand coordinates through the oxygen of =N-OH to form a six-membered chelate ring. The quadridentate tetraaza ligand (H2L2) obtained by condensing of the bidentate ligand 1-p-diphenylmethane-2-hydroxyimino-2-(1- naphthylamino)-1-ethanone (HL1) with 1,2-phenylenediamine coordinates with Ru(III) through its nitrogen donors in the equatorial position with the loss of one of the oxime protons and concomitant formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Stoichiometric and spectral results of the metal complexes indicated that the metal: ligand ratios in the mononuclear complexes of the ligand (HL1) were found to be 1: 2, while these ratios were 1: 1 in the mononuclear complexes of the ligand (H2L2). The metal: ligand ratios of the dinuclear complexes were found to be 2: 1, and this ratio was 3: 2 in the trinuclear complex.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.Quality Control of: Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 20759-14-2

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Reference of 20759-14-2, An article , which mentions 20759-14-2, molecular formula is Cl3H2ORu. The compound – Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate played an important role in people’s production and life.

Structure-function relationships within Keppler-type antitumor ruthenium(III) complexes: The case of 2-aminothiazolium[frans-tetrachlorobis(2- aminothiazole)ruthenate(III)]

Keppler-type ruthenium(III) complexes exhibit promising antitumor properties. We report here a study of 2-aminothiazolium[trans-tetrachlorobis(2- aminothiazole)ruthenate(III)], both in the solid state and in solution. The crystal structure has been solved and found to exhibit classical features. Important solvatochromic effects were revealed. Notably, we observed that introduction of an amino group in position 2 greatly accelerates chloride hydrolysis compared to the thiazole analogue; this latter finding may be of interest for a fine-tuning of the reactivity of these novel metallodrugs.

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Reference£º
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, get their minds active, and encourage them to do something that doesn¡¯t involve a screen. 20759-14-2, Cl3H2ORu. A document type is Article, introducing its new discovery., category: ruthenium-catalysts

Discrete covalent organic-inorganic hybrids: Terpyridine functionalized polyoxometalates obtained by a modular strategy and their metal complexation

The rational design and synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids as functional molecular materials relies on both the careful conception of building-blocks and the strategy for their assembly. Three families of trialkoxo polyoxometalates (Lindqvist 2, Anderson 3, Dawson 4) grafted with remote terpyridine coordination sites have been synthesized to extend the available building-blocks. These new units can be combined with metal complexes that play a role as (i) chromophores toward charge-separated systems in light-harvesting devices and (ii) coordination motifs for metal-directed self-assembly toward multifunctional molecular hybrid materials. The X-ray crystal structures of polyoxometalate-terpyridine hybrids indicate distances of 21 A and 19 A between the two terpyridyl coordination sites in 2 and 3, respectively, with angles between the coordination vectors of 180 and 177.4, respectively. Lindqvist 2 displays a reduction at -0.52 V vs SCE while Anderson 3 exhibits one reversible oxidation attributed to Mn(III)/Mn(IV) (+0.75 V vs SCE) and a broad wave at -1.28 V vs SCE assigned to the Mn(III)/Mn(II) reduction. Dawson 4 displays several processes on a wide range of potentials (+0.5 to -2.0 V vs SCE) centered on V(V), W(VI) and the organic ligand in order of decreasing potentials. The grafted terpyridine ligands in Anderson 3 and Dawson 4 were successfully coordinated to {PdCl}+ and {RuCl 3} moieties, respectively. The polyoxometalates and transition metal complexes retain their intrinsic properties in the final assemblies.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.20759-14-2, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate, molecular formula is Cl3H2ORu. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 20759-14-2, Recommanded Product: Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate

Methylated cyclodextrins: An efficient protective agent in water for zerovalent ruthenium nanoparticles and a supramolecular shuttle in alkene and arene hydrogenation reactions

Zerovalent ruthenium(0) nanoparticles in the size range of 2.5 nm were easily prepared by chemical reduction of ruthenium salt with an excess amount of sodium borohydride and were efficiently stabilized by methylated cyclodextrins. The optimization of the catalytic system has been carried out in terms of stability and catalytic activity, considering the hydrogenation of olefinic compounds under biphasic liquid-liquid conditions. Efficient and controlled chemoselectivities were obtained in the hydrogenation of arene derivatives by the relevant choice of cavity and methylation degree of the cyclodextrins. Finally, the hydrogenation of alpha- and beta-pinenes leads to the major formation of cis-pinanes, interesting synthons for fine chemistry, with high diastereoisomeric excesses. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Optimising the synthesis, polymer membrane encapsulation and photoreduction performance of Ru(II)- and Ir(III)-bis(terpyridine) cytochrome c bioconjugates

Ruthenium(ii) and iridium(iii) bis(terpyridine) complexes were prepared with maleimide functionalities in order to site-specifically modify yeast iso-1 cytochrome c possessing a single cysteine residue available for modification (CYS102). Single X-ray crystal structures were solved for aniline and maleimide Ru(ii) 3 and Ru(ii) 4, respectively, providing detailed structural detail of the complexes. Light-activated bioconjugates prepared from Ru(ii) 4 in the presence of tris(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine (TCEP) significantly improved yields from 6% to 27%. Photoinduced electron transfer studies of Ru(ii)-cyt c in bulk solution and polymer membrane encapsulated specimens were performed using EDTA as a sacrificial electron donor. It was found that membrane encapsulation of Ru(ii)-cyt c in PS140-b-PAA48 resulted in a quantum efficiency of 1.1 ¡À 0.3 ¡Á 10-3, which was a two-fold increase relative to the bulk. Moreover, Ir(iii)-cyt c bioconjugates showed a quantum efficiency of 3.8 ¡À 1.9 ¡Á 10-1, equivalent to a ?640-fold increase relative to bulk Ru(ii)-cyt c.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Application of 20759-14-2. Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 20759-14-2, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate

Optimising the synthesis, polymer membrane encapsulation and photoreduction performance of Ru(II)- and Ir(III)-bis(terpyridine) cytochrome c bioconjugates

Ruthenium(ii) and iridium(iii) bis(terpyridine) complexes were prepared with maleimide functionalities in order to site-specifically modify yeast iso-1 cytochrome c possessing a single cysteine residue available for modification (CYS102). Single X-ray crystal structures were solved for aniline and maleimide Ru(ii) 3 and Ru(ii) 4, respectively, providing detailed structural detail of the complexes. Light-activated bioconjugates prepared from Ru(ii) 4 in the presence of tris(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine (TCEP) significantly improved yields from 6% to 27%. Photoinduced electron transfer studies of Ru(ii)-cyt c in bulk solution and polymer membrane encapsulated specimens were performed using EDTA as a sacrificial electron donor. It was found that membrane encapsulation of Ru(ii)-cyt c in PS140-b-PAA48 resulted in a quantum efficiency of 1.1 ¡À 0.3 ¡Á 10-3, which was a two-fold increase relative to the bulk. Moreover, Ir(iii)-cyt c bioconjugates showed a quantum efficiency of 3.8 ¡À 1.9 ¡Á 10-1, equivalent to a ?640-fold increase relative to bulk Ru(ii)-cyt c.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI