Ruthenium catalysts

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 37366-09-9, Name is Dichloro(benzene)ruthenium(II) dimer, molecular formula is C12H12Cl4Ru2. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 37366-09-9, SDS of cas: 37366-09-9

Half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes of click generated 1,2,3-triazole based organosulfur/-selenium ligands: Structural and donor site dependent catalytic oxidation and transfer hydrogenation aspects

1-Benzyl-4-((phenylthio)-/(phenylseleno)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (L1/L2) and 4-phenyl-1-((phenylthio)-/(phenylseleno)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (L3/L4) synthesized using the click reaction have been reacted for the first time with [{(eta6-C6H6)RuCl(mu-Cl)}2] and NH4PF6 to design the half-sandwich complexes [(eta6-benzene)RuLCl]PF6 (1-4 for L = L1-L4), which have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and explored for the catalytic oxidation of alcohols with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) and transfer hydrogenation of ketones with 2-propanol. There is a pseudo-octahedral “piano-stool” disposition of donor atoms around Ru in 1-4. In 1 and 2, N(3) of the triazole skeleton coordinates with Ru, whereas in other complexes the nitrogen involved is N(2). The Ru-S and Ru-Se bond distances are 2.3847(11)/2.3893(10) and 2.497(5)/2.4859(9) A, respectively. The catalytic processes are more efficient with 3 and 4 (compared to 1 and 2), in which N(2) of the triazole is involved in coordination with Ru. The nature of the chalcogen and steric factors together also appear to affect the efficiency of complexes. HOMO-LUMO energy gaps are lower for 3 and 4 than for 1 and 2. The formation of RuIV=O species probably results in oxidation and transfer hydrogenation involves an intermediate containing Ru-H. Bond distances and angles based on DFT calculations are generally consistent with experimental values.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Related Products of 114615-82-6. Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 114615-82-6, Name is Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate

Retinoid x receptor selective agonists and their synthetic methods

Since the isolation and identification of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) as a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily in 1990, its analysis has ushered in a new understanding of physiological regulation by nuclear receptors, and novel methods to identify other unknown and orphan receptors. Expression of one or more of the three isoforms of RXR?alpha, beta, and gamma? can be found in every human cell type. Biologically, RXR plays a critical role through its ability to partner with other nuclear receptors. RXR is able to regulate nutrient metabolism by forming ?permissive? heterodimers with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), liver-X-receptor (LXR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), which function when ligands are bound to one or both of the heterodimer partners. Conversely, RXR is able to form ?nonpermissive? heterodimers with vitamin D receptor (VDR), thyroid receptor (TR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR), which function only in the presence of vitamin D, T3 and retinoic acid, respectively. Furthermore, RXR can form homodimers in the presence of a selective agonist, or rexinoid, to regulate gene expression and to either inhibit proliferation or induce apoptosis in human cancers. Thus, over the last 25 years there have been several reports on the design and synthesis of small molecule rexinoids. This review summarizes the synthetic methods for several of the most potent rexinoids thus far reported.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Related Products of 37366-09-9, An article , which mentions 37366-09-9, molecular formula is C12H12Cl4Ru2. The compound – Dichloro(benzene)ruthenium(II) dimer played an important role in people’s production and life.

Preparation of chiral ligands connected with quaternary ammonium group for recyclable catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation in ionic liquid

Reuse of chiral ruthenium catalyst in catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (CATH) has attracted attention from economic and environmental viewpoints, and reactions using ionic liquids (ILs) as solvent are recognized as one of the most useful methods for reuse of the catalyst. We synthesized (1 S,2 S )- N-( p – toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (TsDPEN) derivatives with various ionic moieties, and investigated the effect of their structure with respect to catalytic ability and recyclability in CATH with ILs. Ligand 3a having an imidazolium group showed the best results, and significant differences were observed depending on the structure of the ionic moiety or the length of the alkyl chain connecting the ligand site and the ionic moiety. Among various prochiral ketones used as substrates at various cycles, 3a showed a relatively good result.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, get their minds active, and encourage them to do something that doesn¡¯t involve a screen. 10049-08-8, Cl3Ru. A document type is Article, introducing its new discovery., Safety of Ruthenium(III) chloride

Comparison of high-throughput electrochemical methods for testing direct methanol fuel cell anode electrocatalysts

The screening and testing of fuel cell electrocatalysts often involves comparisons under conditions that do not closely match their use in membrane electrode assemblies. We compared the activities of several commercial and homemade Pt and PtRu catalysts for electrochemical methanol oxidation by four different techniques; disk electrode linear sweep voltammetry in aqueous methanol/sulfuric acid solutions, optical fluorescence detection in aqueous methanol solutions containing a fluorescent acid-base indicator, steady-state voltammetry in a 25 electrode array fuel cell with a large common counter electrode, and steadystate voltammetry in a conventional direct methanol fuel cell. The fluorescence detection method, which is a high-throughput technique developed for large arrays of electrocatalysts, can distinguish active from inactive catalysts, but it does not accurately rank active catalysts. Both the disk electrode and array fuel cell methods gave a reliable ranking of the catalysts studied. The best agreement occurred between the array fuel cell and single electrode fuel cell catalyst rankings. A wide range of catalytic activities was found for PtRu catalysts of the same nominal composition that were prepared by different methods.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Electric Literature of 246047-72-3, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, get their minds active, and encourage them to do something that doesn’t involve a screen. 246047-72-3, C46H65Cl2N2PRu. A document type is Article, introducing its new discovery.

The divergent effects of strong NHC donation in catalysis

Strong sigma-donation from NHC ligands (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) is shown to have profoundly conflicting consequences for the reactivity of transition-metal catalysts. Such donation is regarded as central to high catalyst activity in many contexts, of which the second-generation Grubbs metathesis catalysts (RuCl2(NHC)(PCy3)(CHPh), GII) offer an early, prominent example. Less widely recognized is the dramatically inhibiting impact of NHC ligation on initiation of GII, and on re-entry into the catalytic cycle from the resting-state methylidene species RuCl2(NHC)(PCy3)(CH2), GIIm. Both GII and the methylidene complexes are activated by dissociation of PCy3. The impact of NHC donicity on the rate of PCy3 loss is explored in a comparison of s-GIIm, vs.u-GIIm, in which the NHC ligand is saturated H2IMes or unsaturated IMes, respectively. PCy3 loss is nearly an order of magnitude slower for the IMes derivative (a difference that is replicated, albeit smaller, for the benzylidene precatalysts GII). Proposed as an overlooked contributor to these rate differences is an increase in the Ru-PCy3 bond strength arising from pi-back-donation onto the phosphine ligand. Strong sigma-donation from the IMes ligand, coupled with the inability of this unsaturated NHC to participate in significant pi-backbonding, amplifies Ru ? PCy3 pi-back-donation. The resulting increase in Ru-P bond strength greatly inhibits entry into the active cycle. For s-GII, in contrast, the greater pi-acceptor capacity of the NHC ligand enables competing Ru ? H2IMes back-donation (as confirmed by NOE experiments, which reveal restricted rotation about the Ru-NHC bond for H2IMes, but not IMes). Ru ? PCy3 back-donation is thus attenuated in the H2IMes complexes, accounting for the greater lability of the PCy3 ligand in s-GIIm and s-GII. Similarly inhibited initiation is predicted for other metal-NHC catalysts in which a pi-acceptor ligand L must be dissociated to permit substrate binding. Conversely, enhanced reactivity can be expected where such L ligands are pure sigma-donors. These effects are expected to be particularly dramatic where the NHC ligand has minimal pi-acceptor capacity (as in the unsaturated Arduengo carbenes), and in geometries that maximize NHC-M-L orbital interactions.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.246047-72-3, Name is (1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene)dichloro(phenylmethylene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium, molecular formula is C46H65Cl2N2PRu. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 246047-72-3, Application In Synthesis of (1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene)dichloro(phenylmethylene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium

Structural assignment of a bis-cyclo-pentenyl-beta-cyano-hydrin formed via alkene metathesis from either a triene or a tetraene precursor

The identity of the major product of Ru-catalysed alkene metathesis of two polyene substrates has been determined using density functional theory (DFT) NMR prediction, a 1H-1H Total Correlated Spectroscopy (TOCSY) NMR experiment and ultimately by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The substrates were designed as those that would potentially allow expedient access to the trans-decalin skeleton of the natural product (-)-euonyminol, but the product was found to be a bis-cyclopentenyl-beta-cyanohydrin [1-(1-hydroxycyclopent-3-en-1-yl)cyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonitrile, C 11H13NO] rather than the trans-2,3,6,7-dehydrodecalin- beta-cyanohydrin.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 10049-08-8, Recommanded Product: Ruthenium(III) chloride

A comparative study of the ruthenium(VI)dioxocarboxylato salts, [PPh4][RuO2(OCOR)Cl2] (R = CH3, CF3, C6H5, C6F5, C5H11), in the oxidation of alcohols

The compounds [PPh4][Ru(O)2(OCOR)Cl2] (R = CH3 1a, CF3 1b, C6H5 1c, C6F5 1d, C5H11 1e) were prepared and fully characterised. The fluorinated compounds 1b and 1d were obtained in significantly higher yields than their protonated analogues 1a and 1c and compound 1b was found to be a clearly superior stoichiometric oxidant to compound 1a. The compounds 1a-1e were examined as catalytic oxidants for the oxidation of 1- and 2-hexanol, to hexanal and 2-hexanone respectively, with the co-oxidants H2O2, NaOCl, t-BuOOH, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, Me3NO, O2, C6H5IO and Bu4NIO4. Compounds 1c and 1d were further studied in the catalytic oxidation of a wide range of alcohols (using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide and Bu4NIO4 as co-oxidants) and found to give the corresponding aldehydes or ketones very selectively, with no attack on sensitive linkages or functional groups and no over-oxidation products. Compounds 1c and 1d were also supported on poly(4-vinylpyridine) to give active catalysts.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data.Recommanded Product: Ruthenium(III) chloride, If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 10049-08-8, in my other articles.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Ru(III)-catalysed oxidation of some N-heterocycles by chloramine-T in hydrochloric acid medium: A kinetic and mechanistic study

The kinetics of the ruthenium(III) chloride (Ru(III))-catalysed oxidation of five N-heterocycles (S) viz. imidazole (IzlH), benzimidazole (BzlH), 2-hydroxybenzimidazole (2-HyBzlH), 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-AmBzlH) and 2-phenylbenzimidazole (2-PhBzlH) by sodium-N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (chloramine-T; CAT) in the presence of HCl has been studied at 313 K. The oxidation reaction follows the identical kinetics for all the five N-heterocycles and obeys the rate law, rate = k [CAT]0 [S] 0x [H+]y [Ru(III)]z, where x, y and z are less than unity. Addition of p-toluenesulfonamide (PTS) retards the reaction rate. Variation of ionic strength of the medium and the addition of halide ions show negligible effect on the rate of the reaction. The rate was found to increase in D2O medium and showed positive dielectric effect. The reaction products are identified. The rates are measured at different temperatures for all substrates and the composite activation parameters have been computed from the Arrhenius plots. From enthalpy-entropy relationships and Exner correlations, the calculated isokinetic temperature (beta) of 392 K is much higher than the experimental temperature (313 K), indicating that, the rate has been under enthalpy control. Relative reactivity of these substrates are in the order: 2-HyBzlH > 2-AmBzlH > BzlH > IzlH > 2-PhBzlH. This trend may be attributed to resonance and inductive effects. Further, the kinetics of Ru(III)-catalysed oxidation of these N-heterocycles have been compared with uncatalysed reactions (in the absence of Ru(III) catalyst) and found that the catalysed reactions are 16-20 times faster. The catalytic constant (KC) was also calculated for each substrate at different temperatures. From the plots of log KC versus 1/T, values of activation parameters with respect to the catalyst have been evaluated. H2O+Cl has been postulated as the reactive oxidizing species. The reaction mechanism and the derived rate law are consistent with the observed experimental results.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Electric Literature of 172222-30-9, Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 172222-30-9, Name is Benzylidenebis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium, molecular formula is C43H72Cl2P2Ru. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 172222-30-9

The first synthesis of substituted azepanes mimicking monosaccharides: a new class of potent glycosidase inhibitors.

The synthesis of the first examples of seven-membered ring iminoalditols, molecules displaying an extra hydroxymethyl substituent on their seven-membered ring compared to the previously reported polyhydroxylated azepanes, has been achieved from d-arabinose in 10 steps using RCM of a protected N-allyl-aminohexenitol as a key step. While the (2R,3R,4R)-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-azepane 10, a seven-membered ring analogue of fagomine, is a weak inhibitor of glycosidases, the (2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-azepane 9 selectively inhibits green coffee bean alpha-galactosidase in the low micromolar range (Ki = 2.2 muM) despite a D-gluco relative configuration.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, get their minds active, and encourage them to do something that doesn¡¯t involve a screen. 32993-05-8, C41H35ClP2Ru. A document type is Article, introducing its new discovery., Computed Properties of C41H35ClP2Ru

Synthesis, transition metal chemistry and catalytic reactions of ferrocenylbis(phosphonite), [Fe{C5H4P(OC6H 3(OMe-o)(C3H5-p))2}2]

The new metalloligand ferrocenylbis(phosphonite), [Fe(C5H 4PR2)2 (R = OC6H3(OMe-o) (C3H5-p))], (2), is synthesized by the reaction of bis(dichlorophosphino)ferrocene Fe(C5H4PCl 2)2 (1) with 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol. The reactions of 2 with H2O2 and elemental sulfur or selenium afforded bischalcogenides, [Fe{C5H4P(E)(OC6H 3(OMe-o)(C3H5-p))2}2] (3, E = O; 4, E = S; 5, E = Se), in good yield. The bis(phosphonite) reacts with group 6 metal carbonyls and group 10 metal dichloride precursors to produce the chelate complexes [{M(CO)4}Fe{C5H4P(OC 6H3(OMe-o)(C3H5-p)) 2}2}] (6, M = Mo; 7, M = W) and [(MCl2) Fe{C5H4P(OC6H3(OMe-o)(C 3H5-p))2}2] (8, M = Pd; 9, M = Pt). The palladium(ii) complex [(PdCl2)Fe{C5H 4P(OC6H3(OMe-o)(C3H 5-p))2}2] (8) is an efficient catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions (TON up to 1.5 ¡Á 105). The reaction of 2 with one equivalent of [RuCl2(eta6-p- cymene)]2 yielded the binuclear complex [{Ru2Cl 4(eta6-p-cymene)2}Fe{C5H 4P(OC6H3(OMe-o)(C3H 5-p))2}2] (12) in good yield. Treatment of 2 with copper chloride in a 1:1 or 1:2 molar ratio resulted in the formation of a binuclear complex, [{(CuCl)Fe{C5H4P(OC6H 3(OMe-o)(C3H5-p))2} 2}2] (13), whereas a similar reaction of 2 with CuBr and CuI in a 1:2 or 1:2.5 molar ratio yielded the novel butterfly-like deca-nuclear complexes [Cu5(mu-X)5{Fe{C5H 4P(OC6H3(OMe-o)(C3H 5-p))2}2}2]2 (14, X = Br; 15, X = I). The reaction of 2 with two equivalents of [AuCl(SMe2)] afforded the digold complex [(AuCl)2Fe{C5H 4P(OC6H3(OMe-o)(C3H 5-p))2}2] (16), with the ligand exhibiting bridged-bidentate mode of coordination. Additionally, some complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The crystal structures of complexes 8, 9, 12, 15 and 16 were determined using X-ray diffraction studies.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI