Brief introduction of Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate

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Compounds of the general formula (I): 1wherein Ar1 represents optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl; n represents 0 or 1; T, U, V, and W each independently represent nitrogen atom or optionally substituted methine group, where at least two of them represent the said methine group; X represents methine or hydroxy substituted methine; Y represents an optionally substituted imino or oxygen atom are described and claimed. These novel spiro compounds are useful as neuropeptide Y receptor antagonists and as agents for the treatment of various kinds of cardiovascular disorders, central nervous system disorders, metabolic diseases and the like.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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The first example of Ru-catalyzed intramolecular annulation of alkynes with amides via formyl translocation has been developed, which provides an efficient approach for the synthesis of 1H-indole-3-carbaldehydes. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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It has been observed that the perruthenate formed on addition of ruthenium trichloride to peroxodisulphate solution in base decomposes, with loss of oxygen, to form ruthenate.Contrary to thermodynamic prediction, the latter species appears to be highly stable in the presence of excess of peroxodisulphate providing reactive organic species such as alcohols are not present.Addition of alcohols to the ruthenate-peroxodisulphate mixture at high pH affords a perruthenate-alcohol complex, the latter acting as an effective catalyst for the homogeneous oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols by the peroxodisulphate.A mechanism based on alpha-hydride abstraction has been proposed for the latter reaction, and the simultaneous formation of the insoluble dioxide RuO2*H2O attributed to further reaction of the two products, ruthenate and aldehyde.Although there have been several claims to the contrary, ruthenate (RuO42-) species do not directly oxidize alcohols (other than methanol); they are, however, capable of readily oxidizing aldehydes.

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Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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The catalytic activities of several alumina-supported monometallic sulfides covering a wide range of heats of formation or metal-sulfur bond energies, namely, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Ru, Mo, and Re sulfides, have been measured for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene, the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of benzothiophene, and the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene under typical hydrotreating conditions. For the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene a volcano curve similar to the one reported for bulk sulfides (Pecoraro, T., and Chianelli, R. R., J. Catal. 67, 430 (1981)) is found when the HDS activities are plotted versus the metal-sulfur bond energy, suggesting that the alumina support has no major infuence on the volcano curve. For cyclohexene hydrogenation and benzothiophene HDS different trends are found, suggesting that the activity trends depend on the nature of the reactant and/or reaction. The activities expressed in moles of reactant per mole of sulfided metal of Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Ni sulfides are found to be very low, whereas the activities of Ru, Mo, and Re sulfides are high and of the same order of magnitude.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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We report the synthesis and the photophysical properties of first and second generation dendrimers built around a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ core (bpy = 2,2′- bipyridine) and bearing 12 and 24 naphthyl units, respectively, in the periphery. The metallodendrimers were obtained by complexation of ruthenium trichloride with bipyridine ligands carrying dendritic wedges in the 4,4′- positions. Since the chromophoric groups present in the dendritic complexes are separated by aliphatic connections, interchromophoric interactions are weak and the absorption spectra of the metallodendrimers are essentially equal to the summation of the spectra of the chromophoric groups which are present in their structures. The ‘free’ wedges show an intense emission band in the region of the naphthyl-type units. Such a band, however, is almost completely absent in the emission spectra of the metallodendrimers, which exhibit the visible emission band characteristic of their [Ru(bpy)3]2+- type unit, regardless of the excitation wavelength. These results show that a very efficient energy-transfer process takes place from the potentially fluorescent excited states of the aromatic units of the wedges to the metal- based dendritic core (antenna effect). We have also found that the dendrimer branches protect the Ru-bpy based core from dioxygen quenching.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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The catalytic addition reactions of ferrocenyl ketones with terminal olefins in the presence of Ru(H)2(CO)(PPh3)3 as catalyst have been studied. Benzoylferrocene reacts with triethoxyvinylsilane, styrene and vinylferrocene, respectively, to give 1:1 coupling products I-III in high yields. C-H bond cleavage takes place at the carbon atom of the benzene ring at the ortho position of the carbonyl group and C-C bond formation takes place at the terminal carbon atom of the olefins. 2-Furoylferrocene reacts with vinylferrocene to give a 1:1 coupling product IV and the C-H bond cleavage takes place at the carbon atom of the furan ring at the ortho position of the carbonyl group and the C-C bond formation takes place at the terminal carbon atom of vinylferrocene. The new products I-IV have been characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR and MS. The X-ray crystal structure of IV has been determined.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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A new series of mono and binuclear Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), La(III), Ru(III), Hf(IV), ZrO(II) and UO2(II) complexes of phenylaminodibenzoylhydrazone have been synthesized and characterized by elementals analyses, IR UV-vis spectra, magnetic moments, conductances, thermal analyses (DTA and TGA) and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. The IR spectral data show that, the ligand behaves as a neutral bidentate type (15 and 16), monobasic bidentate type (6), or monobasic tridentate type (5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17-21) or dibasic tridentate type 2-4, 9 and 12 towards the metal ion. Molar conductances in DMF solution indicate that, the complexes are non-electrolytes. The ESR spectra of solid complexes (9 and 10) show axial and non-axial types indicating a d(x2 – y2) ground state with significant covalent bond character. However, complexes (11 and 12), show isotropic type, indicating manganese(II) octahedral geometry. Antibacterial and antifungal tests of the ligand and its metal complexes are also carried out and it has been observed that the complexes are more potent bactericides and fungicides than the ligand.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Brief introduction of Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate

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Compounds of the general formula (I): wherein Ar 1represents optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl;n represents 0 or 1;T, U, V, and W each independently represent nitrogen atom or optionally substituted methine group, where at least two of them represent the said methine group;X represents methine or hydroxy substituted methine;Y represents an optionally substituted imino or oxygen atom are described and claimed. These novel spiro compounds are useful as neuropeptide Y receptor antagonists and as agents for the treatment of various kinds of cardiovascular disorders, central nervous system disorders, metabolic diseases and the like.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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A series of novel ruthenium-manganese oxide (denoted as RunMn1-nOx) has been formed by oxidative co-precipitating. The precursor was obtained by mixing Mn(VII) (potassium permanganate), Mn(II) (manganese acetate) and Ru(III) (ruthenium chloride) in neutral aqueous solution at room temperature. The powder of RunMn1-nOx was obtained by calcinating the precursor at appropriate temperature. The crystalline structure and electrochemical performance of the powder have been studied as a function of the calcination temperature. At appropriate calcination temperature (e.g. 170 C), the powder is in hydrous amorphous phase with a high specific capacitance. When the calcination temperature reaches up to 350 C, the crystal form of alpha-MnO2 is formed, but the ruthenium oxide still keeps amorphous structure, which will lead to the decrease of specific capacitance of the composite electrode materials. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that the powder of RunMn1-nOx prepared in this study belongs to the composite of RuO2-MnO2. The results from cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicate that the ruthenium weight density of 9 wt% in RunMn1-nOx can improve the cost-performance of ruthenium-manganese composite electrode.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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The epoxidation of cyclic alkenes with molecular oxygen was efficiently completed in excellent epoxide yield using a novel ruthenium complex as catalyst under mild reaction conditions.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI