Some scientific research about Ruthenium(III) chloride trihydrate

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(IPI)Ru(II)(OH)n(H2O)m, 2, where IPI is the NNN-pincer ligand, 2,6-diimidizoylpyridine, is shown to catalyze H/D exchange between hydrocarbons and strongly basic solvents at higher rates than in the case of the solvent alone. Significantly, catalysis by 2 is accelerated rather than inhibited by increasing solvent basicity. The evidence is consistent with the reaction proceeding by base modulated nucleophilic CH activation.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Azoles containing acidic NH-group react with various alcohols in the presence of catalytic amount of ruthenium-, rhodium-, and iridium- trialkylphosphite complexes to give the corresponding N-alkylated azoles in good to excellent yields.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Some scientific research about Ruthenium(III) chloride

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru. In a Article,once mentioned of 10049-08-8, Application In Synthesis of Ruthenium(III) chloride

The instability of the commonly adopted support (e.g., Ti, Ti-Pd alloys, Ta) for the preparation and characterization of different electrode materials has been overcome by depositing the electrode material of interest (RuO2) on conductive, boron-doped diamond (BDD). The present paper reports results on the model chlorine evolution reaction, investigated at BDD surfaces modified by RuO2 loadings of 1.2 A¿ 1013, 6.0 A¿ 1014, and 2.65 A¿ 1016 molecules cm-2. A radical spillover mechanism is proposed for the reaction occurring at the electrode having the lowest noble-metal oxide loading.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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This work investigates the feasibility of thermal and catalytic cyclization of 6,6-disubstituted 3,5-dien-1-ynes via a 1,7-hydrogen shift. Our strategy began with an understanding of a structural correlation of 3,5-dien-1-ynes with their thermal cyclization efficiency. Thermal cyclization proceeded only with 3,5-dien-1-ynes bearing an electron-withdrawing C(1)-phenyl or C(6)-carbonyl substituent, but the efficiencies were generally low (20-40% yields). On the basis of this structure-activity relationship, we conclude that such a [1,7]-hydrogen shift is characterized by a “protonic” hydrogen shift, which should be catalyzed by pi-alkyne activators. We prepared various 6,6-disubstituted 3,5-dien-1-ynes bearing either a phenyl or a carbonyl group, and we found their thermal cyclizations to be greatly enhanced by RuCl 3, PtCl2, and TpRuPPh3(CH3CN) 2PF6 catalysts to confirm our hypothesis: the C(7)-H acidity of 3,5-dien-1-ynes is crucial for thermal cyclization. To achieve the atom economy, we have developed a tandem aldol condensation-dehydration and aromatization catalysis between cycloalkanones and special 3-en-1-yn-5-als using the weakly acidic catalyst CpRu(PPh3)2Cl, which provided complex 1-indanones and alpha-tetralones with yields exceeding 65% in most cases. The deuterium-labeling experiments reveal two operable pathways for the metal-catalyzed [1,7]-hydrogen shift of 3,5-dien-1-ynes. Formation of alpha-tetralones d4-56 arises from a concerted [1,7]-hydrogen shift, whereas benzene derivative d4-9 proceeds through a proton dissociation and reprotonation process.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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10049-08-8, Name is Ruthenium(III) chloride, molecular formula is Cl3Ru, belongs to ruthenium-catalysts compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, once mentioned the new application about 10049-08-8, HPLC of Formula: Cl3Ru

Kinetic investigations on RuIII-catalysed oxidation of cycloheptanol by acidic solution of potassium bromate in the presence of mercuric acetate as a scavenger have been made in the temperature range 30-45 deg.The rate shows zero order kinetics both in bromate and hydrogen ions, but order of the reaction is two and one with respect to substrate and RuIII, respectively.Insignificant influence of chloride ions mercuric acetate and ionic strength of the medium was observed while the reaction showed negative dielectric effect.A transitient complex, formet between + and cyclopheptanol(+ being reactive species of ruthenium(III) chloride) in 1:2 ratio, disproportionates in a slow and rate-determining step to give reaction product and ruthenium(III) hydride which on interaction with acid bromate in a fast step regenerates catalytic species for recycling.Activation parameters have been calculated.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Disodium[hydroxotetranitronitrosyl]ruthenate(II) is a photochromic compound excitable with blue-green light which exhibits at least one unusually long-lived metastable state at low temperature. At 298 K, the compound crystallises in the space group C2/m. A reversible phase transition occurs at 240 K upon cooling, as detected by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction which causes a lowering of the crystal symmetry to the space group P21/n. Synchrotron X-ray single crystal diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy data obtained on the ground and the excited states of the title compound low temperature phase are presented.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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Pristine Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and Ru-doped Li4Ti5O12 with the composition of Li 4Ti4.95Ru0.05O12 (Ru-doped LTO) are synthesized by solid-state reaction. Ru doping into the lattice of LTO affects the electronic structure of LTO, leading to the modification of optical properties and improvement in electrochemical performance. The variations between pristine LTO and Ru-doped LTO in optical properties are investigated by UV-vis and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the related microstructure is characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The enhancement in electronic conductivity of Ru-doped LTO can provide the discharge capacities of 222, 183 and 132 mAh/g at 1C, 5C and 10C, respectively, during the voltage window of 0.01-2.5 V. Furthermore, the capacity retentions are 95, 92 and 86% for 1C, 5C and 10C rates, respectively, at 100th cycles. The significant improvement in electrochemical performance demonstrates that ruthenium doped lithium titanate is promising as a high rate anode for lithium ion batteries.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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The complexes of 2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone with the transition metals Cu, Pd and Ru were prepared and the physical, analytical and biological data of these complexes are reported.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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We have prepared a novel Ru-mononer complex supported on a SiO2 surface by using a Rumonomer complex precursor with a p-cymene ligand, which was found to be highly active for the selective oxidation of aldehydes and the epoxidation of alkenes using O2. The structure of the supported Ru catalyst was characterized by means of FT-IR, solid-state NMR, diffuse-reflectance UV/vis, XPS, Ru K-edge EXAFS, and DFT calculations, which demonstrated the formation of isolatedly located, unsaturated Ru centers behind a p-cymene ligand of the Ru-complex precursor. The site-isolated Ru-monomer complex on SiO2 achieved tremendous TONs (turnover numbers) for the selective oxidation of aldehydes and alkenes; e.g. TONs of 38,800,000 for selective isobutyraldehyde (IBA) oxidation and 2,100,000 for trans-stilbene epoxidation at ambient temperature, which are among the highest TONs in metal-complex catalyzes to our knowledge. We also found that the IBA sole oxidation with an activation energy of 48 kJ mol-1 much more facile than the trans-stilbene epoxidation with an activation energy of 99 kJ mol -1 was completely suppressed by the coexistence of trans-stilbene. The switchover of the selective oxidation pathways from the IBA oxidation to the trans-stilbene epoxidation was explained in terms of energy profiles for the alternative selective oxidation pathways, resulting in the preferential coordination of trans-stilbene to the Ru-complex at the surface. This aspect gives an insight into the origin of the efficient catalysis for selective epoxidation of alkenes with IBA/O2.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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We demonstrate herein a newly developed photoelectrochemical immunosensor for the determination of anti-cholera toxin antibody by using a photosensitive biotinylated polypyrrole film. The latter was generated by electro-oxidation of a biotinylated tris(bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) complex bearing pyrrole groups. The photoexcitation of this modified electrode potentiostated at 0.5 V vs SCE, in the presence of an oxidative quencher, pentaaminechloro cobalt(III) chloride (15 mM), led to a cathodic photocurrent. As a result of the affinity interactions, a layer of biotinylated cholera toxin was firmly bound to the functionalized polypyrrole film via avidin bridges. The resulting modified electrodes were tested as immunosensors for the detection of the corresponding antibody from 0 to 200 mug mL-1. The antibody concentration was measured through the decrease in photocurrent intensity resulting from its specific binding onto the polymeric coating, the detection limit being 0.5 mug mL-1.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI