The Absolute Best Science Experiment for Dichloro(benzene)ruthenium(II) dimer

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[RuCl(arene)(mu-Cl)]2 dimers were treated in a 1:2 molar ratio with sodium or thallium salts of bis- and tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands [Na(Bp Br 3)], [Tl(Tp Br 3)], and [Tl(TpiPr, 4Br)]. Mononuclear neutral complexes [RuCl(arene)(kappa2-Bp Br 3)] (1: arene=p-cymene (cym); 2: arene=hexamethylbenzene (hmb); 3: arene=benzene (bz)), [RuCl(arene) (kappa2-Tp Br 3)] (4: arene=cym; 6: arene=bz), and [RuCl(arene)(kappa2-TpiPr, 4Br)] (7: arene=cym, 8: arene=hmb, 9: arene=bz) have been always obtained with the exception of the ionic [Ru2(hmb)2(mu-Cl)3][Tp Br 3] (5?), which formed independently of the ratio of reactants and reaction conditions employed. The ionic [Ru(CH3OH)(cym)(kappa2-Bp Br 3)][X] (10: X=PF6, 12: X=O3SCF3) and the neutral [Ru(O2CCF3)(cym)(kappa2-Bp Br 3)] (11) have been obtained by a metathesis reaction with corresponding silver salts. All complexes 1-12 have been characterized by analytical and spectroscopic data (IR, ESI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy). The structures of the thallium and calcium derivatives of ligand Tp Br 3, [Tl(Tp Br 3)] and [Ca(dmso)6][Tp Br 3]2×2 DMSO, of the complexes 1, 4, 5?, 6, 11, and of the decomposition product [RuCl(cym)(HpziPr, 4Br)2][Cl] (7?) have been confirmed by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical studies showed that 1-9 and 11 undergo a single-electron RuII?Ru III oxidation at a potential, measured by cyclic voltammetry, which allows comparison of the electron-donor characters of the bis- and tris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate and arene ligands, and to estimate, for the first time, the values of the Lever EL ligand parameter for Bp Br 3, Tp Br 3, and TpiPr, 4Br. Theoretical calculations at the DFT level indicated that both oxidation and reduction of the Ru complexes under study are mostly metal-centered with some involvement of the chloride ligand in the former case, and also demonstrated that the experimental isolation of the mu3-binuclear complex 5? (instead of the mononuclear 5) is accounted for by the low thermodynamic stability of the latter species due to steric reasons.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Extended knowledge of Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.15746-57-3, Name is Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), molecular formula is C20H16Cl2N4Ru. In a Article,once mentioned of 15746-57-3, COA of Formula: C20H16Cl2N4Ru

Two new ruthenium(II) complexes of formula [Ru(bpy)2-(L 1)][PF6] and [Ru(bpy)2(L2)][PF 6]2 are reported. HL1 is a (nitrophenyl) ethenyl-substituted phenylpyridine ligand, and L2 is the bipyridine analogue of HL1. The X-ray crystal structure of [Ru(bpy) 2(L1)][PF6] has been solved, and the compound is found to crystallize in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The electronic spectrum of the cyclometalated derivative [Ru(bpy)2(L 1)][PF6] exhibits a low-lying transition that is red-shifted from 454 to 546 nm relative to that of the parent bipyridine-based complex, which reveals an important charge-transfer character. To support this assumption, the nonlinear optical properties were investigated by the hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique and indicate a molecular static hyperpolarizability (beta0) equal to 230 × 10-30 cm5 esu-1. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

New explortion of Dichloro(benzene)ruthenium(II) dimer

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Over the past 20 years, ruthenium(II)-based dyes have played a pivotal role in turning dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) into a mature technology for the third generation of photovoltaics. However, the classic I3-/I- redox couple limits the performance and application of this technique. Simply replacing the iodine-based redox couple by new types like cobalt(3+/2+) complexes was not successful because of the poor compatibility between the ruthenium(II) sensitizer and the cobalt redox species. To address this problem and achieve higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), we introduce here six new cyclometalated ruthenium(II)-based dyes developed through ligand engineering. We tested DSCs employing these ruthenium(II) complexes and achieved PCEs of up to 9.4% using cobalt(3+/2+)-based electrolytes, which is the record efficiency to date featuring a ruthenium-based dye. In view of the complicated liquid DSC system, the disagreement found between different characterizations enlightens us about the importance of the sensitizer loading on TiO2, which is a subtle but equally important factor in the electronic properties of the sensitizers.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Can You Really Do Chemisty Experiments About Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)

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The cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4-bzpy)(NO)](PF6)3 complex was prepared (4-bzpy = 4-benzoylpyridine), and characterized by UV-visible, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and electrochemical techniques. The reaction with cysteine was preliminarily investigated, aiming to shed light on the potential biological mechanism for NO or HNO release mediated by thiols. Furthermore, photochemical behavior of cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4-bzpy)(NO)](PF6)3 was studied, where it was observed NO release upon ultraviolet, blue and green light irradiations. This latter long wavelength showed still good efficiency, which has not been reported for this type of complex. This feature is very important for a potential application in phototherapy. Additionally, vasorelaxant activity was investigated in rat-isolated aorta. This compound exhibited a greater maximum efficacy than sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a blood vessel relaxant. Nevertheless, the EC50 for SNP (13.3 nmol L-1) was 52-fold smaller than the EC50 for cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4-bzpy)NO](PF6)3 (690 nmol L-1). Altogether, these results suggest this complex is a promising NO donor agent deserving further biological studies.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

The Absolute Best Science Experiment for Dichloro(benzene)ruthenium(II) dimer

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Highly conjugated perinones were evaluated as proligands with [Ru(eta6-arene)Cl2]2 precursors (arene = p-cymene or benzene). None of them, except itaco-perinone (IP) bearing one exocyclic methylene group, were able to form coordination compounds. Expected eta1-coordination through the lone pair of the nitrogen or oxygen atoms of the perinone did not occur. Instead a deprotonation reaction involving the exocyclic methylene was observed and the corresponding [Ru(eta6-arene)(eta3-IP)Cl] complex was isolated in moderate yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that the base-promoted isomerization of itaco-perinone to citraco-perinone prevented higher yields in the synthesis of the allylic complexes. Additionally, it was observed that IP can dimerize through the exocyclic methylene group, indicating high reactivity of this carbon?carbon double bond. Electronic absorption and emission properties of the perinones and organometallic compounds were studied.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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[Ru(bpy)2(py-SO3)]+ (bpy = 2,2?-bipyridine and py-SO3 = pyridine-2-sulfonate) was found to undergo py-SO3 dissociation upon visible light irradiation (?470 nm) via Ru-O homolysis, producing reactive free radical species, and is thus able to not only photobind but also photocleave DNA in hypoxic conditions. This journal is

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

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2,2?-Dipyridylamine (dpa) derivatives carrying a thiol-targeted maleimide group located at the end of an alkyl substituent on the central amine were synthesized. Reaction with the organometallic precursors [(eta6-arene)RuCl2]2 (arene = benzene or p-cymene) yielded the half-sandwich cationic complexes [(eta6-arene)Ru(dpa)Cl]+ where the dipyridylamine derivatives were coordinated as bidentate N,N donor ligands. Enzymatic studies showed that these derivatives were able to inactivate the cysteine endoproteinase papain by S-alkylation of the cysteine active site.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Final Thoughts on Chemistry for Cis-Dichlorobis(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)

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The photophysical behavior of the transition metal complexes <<(bpy)2Ru>2(bphb)>(PF6)4, <<(tpy)(CN)Ru>2(bphb)>(PF6)2, and <(bpy)2Ru(bphp)Ru(tpy)(CN)>(PF6)4 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, tpy = 2,2′,6′,2”-terpyridine, bphb = 1,4-bis(2,2′-bipyrid-4-yl)benzene) was investigated in acetonitrile solution and low-temperature glasses.Luminescence spectra, excitation spectra, and transient absorption decays of the three complexes serve to show that intramolecular electronic energy transfer from the MLCT excited state of the <(bpy)2Ru(bphb) chromophore to the MLCT state of the tpy-containing chromophore occurs in the unsymmetric bimetallic complex.Nearly complete energy transfer from the <(bpy)2Ru(bphb)> chromophore to the tpy-containing chromophore was observed even in 4:1 ethanol:methanol glasses at 20 K.A semiclassical exchange energy transfer mechanism was used to treat the available data; the Franck-Condon weighted density of states (FCWD) was obtained using parameters determined from fits of luminescence spectra.Given the FCWD at room temperature and the experimental rate constant, an electronic coupling matrix element of approximately 60 cm-1 was determined for this system.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Discovery of Dichloro(benzene)ruthenium(II) dimer

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This work describes the synthesis of a series of Ru(II)-Arene (Arene=p-cymene, benzene) complexes using different N-substituted tetrazole ligands and their PTA analogues. All the complexes have been characterized thoroughly using different analytical techniques. Antiproliferative activity of the synthesized complexes against different cell lines indicates remarkable activity of certain complexes up to nanomolar level. In few cases introduction of water soluble PTA (PTA = 1,3,5- triaza-7-phospha-tricyclo-[3.3.1.1]decane) ligand induce significant cytotoxic activity in the ruthenium complex with respect to their chloro analogues, particularly against Jurkat and MCF-7 cell lines. Interaction with different biomolecules and stability of the RAPTA complexes have been explored in pseudo-pharmacological conditions.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI

Extended knowledge of Dichloro(benzene)ruthenium(II) dimer

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.HPLC of Formula: C12H12Cl4Ru2. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 37366-09-9

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A new labile areneruthenium sulfide complex, [(C6H6)3Ru3S2](PF6)2 (1), was prepared and characterized both in solid state and in solution. Light-driven de-coodination of the arene ligands has been demonstrated. Two new polynuclear areneruthenium complexes, [(C6H6)4Ru5S4](PF6)2·2CH3CN (2) and [(C6H6)4Ru4S5](PF6)2·1.25CH3CN·0.5H2O (3), were obtained from 1 and structurally characterized. Redox behaviour of [(C6H6)3Ru3S2](PF6)2 and [Ru5S4(C6H6)4](PF6)2·2CH3CN was studied by cyclic voltammetry and reveals one reversible reduction wave.

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Reference:
Highly efficient and robust molecular ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation,
Catalysts | Special Issue : Ruthenium Catalysts – MDPI